1. Chapter 36

2. Dates Special Days 1.Kalends – Kalendae,-arum, f. pl – 1st of the month 2.Nones – Nonae,-arum, f. pl. – 5th of the month 3.Ides – Idus, Iduum, f. pl. – 13th of the month

3. KalendsNonesIdes Ianuarius1st5th13th Februarius1st5th13th *Martius1st7th15 th Aprilis1st5th13th *Maius1st7th15th Iunius1st5th13th *Iulius1st7th15th Augustus1st5th13th September1st5th13th *October1st7th15th November1st5th13th December1st5th13th

4. The ablative case is used for dates that coincides with one of the special days (ablative of time when) Kalendis Aprilibus, on April 1 Nonis Februariis, on February 5 Idibus Martiis, on March 15

5. pridie + accusative indicates the day before one of the special days: pridie Kalendas Maias, (lit. on the day before May 1) on April 30 pridie Idus Octobres, on October 14 1.pridie Nonas Novembres __________________ 2.pridie Idus Martias ____________________ 3.pridie Kalendas Ianuarias__________________

6. A phrase beginning ante diem (a.d.) is used to express all other dates: ante diem iv Kalendis Decembres (lit. on the 4th day before December 1st)on November 28th When calculating, you should include the special day and count backwards (e.g. Dec. 1, Nov. 30, Nov. 29, Nov. 28)

7. ante diem viii Idus Martias (lit. on the 8th day before the Ides of March) on March 8th 1.a.d. xi Kal. Apr. _________________________ 2.a.d. x Id. Feb __________________________ 3.a.d. iii Non. Maias_______________________

8. The Romans designated years by the names of the consuls, the chief Roman magistrates, who were elected annually. The ablative case is used: Antonio et Cicerone consulibus = 63 B.C. consul, consulis, m. consul

9. They also designated years by counting from the foundation of Rome, which was set at a year corresponding to 753 B.C. These dates were expressed with the initials A.U.C. (ab urbe condita, from the foundation of the city) condo, condere, condidi, conditus, to found

10. To convert a Roman year to our system, follow these rules: 1.If the A.U.C. date is 753 or less, subtract is from 754 and you will obtain the B.C. date. 2.If the A.U.C date is 754 or greater, subtract 753 from it and you will obtain an A.D. date.

11. Examples: 691 A.U.C. (less than 753)754 -691­­­­­­______ 63 B.C. 833 A.U.C. (greater than 754)833 -753_____ 80 A.D.

12. To convert a year designated according to our system to a Roman year, follow these rules: a.If the year is B.C., subtract it from 754. b.If the year is A.D., add it to 753.

13. Examples: 754 ____ -63 B.C.___ 691 A.U.C. 753 _____+80 A.D.___ 833 A.U.C.

14. Exercise A:Give the English equivalents for the following dates: 1.Kalendis Ianuariis 2.Kalendis Decembribus 3.Kalendis Iuniis 4.Nonis Augustus 5.Nonis Octorbribus 6.Idibus Martiis

15. 7.Idibus Maiis 8.Idibus Septembribus 9.pridie Kalendas Februarias 10.pridie Kalendas Iulias 11.pridie Nonas Augustas 12.pridie Idus Ianuarius 13.pridie Idus Novembres

16. 14.ante diem iv Kalendas Iunias 15.ante diem iii Nonas Iulias 16.a.d. vi Kal. Apr. 17.a.d. vi Kal. Maias 18.a.d. xii Kal. Feb. 19.a.d. vi Non. Mart. 20.a.d. iv Id. Feb.

17. Exercise B:Give Roman equivalents for the following dates: 1.Today’s date 2.Your own birthday 3.The foundation of Rome (April 21, 753 B.C.) 4.Cicero’s birthday (January 3. 106 B.C.)

18. 5.The date of the assassination of Julius Caesar (March 15, 44 B.C.) 6.Martial’s birthday (March 1, A.D. 40) 7.The date of the Emperor Titus’ accession to power (June 23, A.D. 79) 8.The date of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (August 24, A.D. 79)

19. More Practice 1.Kalendis Octobribus 2.a.d. xii Kalendas Octobres 3.Nonis Martiis 4.a.d. iv Nonas Septembres

20. 5.pridie Nonas Martias 6.a.d. iii Idus Martias 7.Idibus Februarius 8.pridie Kalendas Octobres 9.Nonis Septembribus 10.Idibus Octobribus