Word-Building System: Introduction to Word Parts Unit 1 Word-Building System: Introduction to Word Parts

Word Parts Word root Foundation of medical terms Provides basic meaning Examples: gastr = stomach therm = heat micr = small

Word Parts Combining form Word root + a vowel Use when next part of word starts with consonant Examples: gastr/o = gastr/o/scope therm/o = therm/o/meter micr/o = micr/o/film

Word Parts Building words from word parts:

Word Parts Suffix Word ending that adds to meaning of word root or combining form Examples: -ic gastr/ic = pertaining to stomach -ectomy gastr/ectomy = surgical removal of stomach -scope gastr/o/scope = instrument for viewing interior of stomach

Word Parts Building words from word parts:

Word Parts Prefix Word part in front of word root or combining form that changes meaning of word Examples: epi- epi/gastric = on or over stomach endo- endo/gastric = within stomach sub- sub/gastric = under stomach

Word-Building Rules Word root rule Use when joining word root to another word root or suffix that begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, or y) Examples: ot = ear and -algia = pain ot/algia = ear pain arthr = joint and -itis = inflammation arthr/itis = inflammation of joint

Word-Building Rules Combining form rule Use when joining word root to another word root or suffix that begins with a consonant Examples: -megaly = large gastr/o/megaly = large stomach -scope = instrument for viewing micr/o/scope = instrument for viewing small objects

Combining Forms

Compound Words Combination of whole words or combining form + whole word Examples: therm/o + meter = therm/o/meter neur/o + spasm = neur/o/spasm micr/o + surgery = micr/o/surgery chicken + pox = chicken/pox

Compound Words

Compound Words Compound words with hydro- Examples: hydr/o = water hydr/o/phobia = fear of water hydr/o/cele = water-filled saclike cavity hydr/o/therapy = treatment using water

Noun Suffixes Using suffixes to indicate nouns Noun Names a person, place, thing, body part, instrument, or procedure E.g., doctor, hospital, liver, stethoscope, surgery

Noun Suffixes -ism = condition, state or theory -tion = condition E.g., Darwin/ism -tion = condition E.g., contrac/tion -ist = specialist E.g., psychiatr/ist

Noun Suffixes -er = one who -ity = quality -osis = condition E.g., radiograph/er -ity = quality E.g., sensitiv/ity -osis = condition E.g., cyan/osis

Adjectival Suffixes Adjective Describes or modifies noun E.g., chronic cough, reddened skin, triple bypass

Adjectival Suffixes -ous = possessing, having, or full -able = ability E.g., nerv/ous -able = ability E.g., inject/able -ible = ability E.g., ed/ible

Suffixes that Change Part of Speech Noun Adjective anem/ia = condition of lacking blood anem/ic = having anemia eme/sis = action of vomiting eme/tic = causing vomiting arthr/itis = inflammation of joint arthr/itic = having arthritis

Suffixes that Change Part of Speech

Suffixes that Change Part of Speech Noun muc/us = water secretion Adjective muc/ous = refers to nature of mucus

Suffixes that Change Verb Tense Represents action or state of being Examples: Present tense = help, treat, or operate Present participle = helping, treating, or operating Past tense = helped, treated, or operated Future tense = will help, will treat, or will operate

Suffixes that Indicate Singular and Plural -on -a -ma -mata -sis -ses -nx -ges -ae -us -i

Suffixes that Indicate Singular and Plural -um -a -is -es -ex -ices -ix -ax -aces

Suffixes that Indicate Singular and Plural vertebra vertebrae bacterium bacteria bronchus bronchi appendix appendices carcinoma carcinomata spermatozoon spermatozoa

Word-Order Rules Rule 1 Definitions indicate last part of word first E.g., gastr/itis = inflammation of stomach -itis = inflammation gastr = (of the) stomach

Word-Order Rules Rule 2 When body systems involved, build words in order organs are studied

Word-Order Rules Rule 2 E.g., gastr/o/enter/itis = inflammation of stomach and small intestine -itis = inflammation gastr/o = stomach enter = small intestine

Word-Order Rules Rule 3 Body parts come first with condition or procedure as ending Examples: dermat/o/mycosis = fungal condition of skin cyst/o/scopy = process of examining urinary bladder with scope

Enlarged megal/o = combining form -megaly = suffix acr/o = extremities Arms and legs

Enlarged Examples: megal/o/cardia = enlarged heart acr/o/megaly = enlargement of extremities

Skin dermat/o = skin dermat/o/logy = study of skin dermat/o/logist = one who studies and treats skin

Skin dermat/osis = any skin condition dermat/itis = inflammation of skin acr/o/dermat/itis = inflammation of skin of extremities

Animation Click Here to Play Word Parts Worked Together Animation