Chapter 2 ANCIENT EGYPT

Chapter 2 Section 1 Questions The Nile River is the longest river in the world at __________ miles. How did the Egyptians take advantage of the Nile’s yearly spring flooding? ___________________ What type of government did Egypt have after 3100 B.C.? ____________________________ 4. What shape does the diagram of Egypt’s social classes look like? ________________________ In what 2 ways are Mesopotamia & Egypt the same? _________________ and ______________

Sec. 1 Outcome: Understand the importance of the Nile Valley Before – take 1 minute to Skim and Scan Chapter 2 Section 1 and write your prediction about the section. During – Take Section 1 Notes, Complete a Graphic Organizer on Irrigation. After – 3-2-1 List 3 important facts about the Nile, 2 ways the Egyptians used it, and 1 result of it’s flooding.

Settling the Nile The earliest Egyptians moved into the Nile River Valley from less fertile areas of Africa & SW Asia. Nile River – Longest river in the world. 4,000 miles long. They used the river to drink, clean, farm and cook. They also ate fish from the river.

Settling the Nile The Nile Valley is a narrow, green Valley. The Northern end is a very fertile area called a delta.

Settling the Nile The Sahara, the largest desert in the world, lies west of the Nile Valley. The Eastern Desert lies to the east of the valley. Egypt is protected by several natural borders. The deserts, the Nile, and the marshes of the delta keep enemies from entering. Trade was conducted by traveling the Nile River. The Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea allowed trade with other people.

Regular Flooding The River People: Pages 41 - 42 Chapter 2 Section 1: The Nile Valley The River People: Pages 41 - 42 Regular Flooding How did the Egyptians use the Nile? What were hieroglyphics? So what? What is important to understand about this?

Regular Flooding The River People: Pages 41 - 42 Chapter 2 Section 1: The Nile Valley The River People: Pages 41 - 42 * Flooding was more dependable and gentle. * Spring – Heavy rains from C. Africa & Melting Snow from E. Africa added to the Nile. * July – October – The Nile flooded. * It left behind a layer of dark fertile mud. * Kemet – “the Black Land” Regular Flooding How did the Egyptians use the Nile? What were hieroglyphics? So what? What is important to understand about this?

Regular Flooding The River People: Pages 41 - 42 Chapter 2 Section 1: The Nile Valley The River People: Pages 41 - 42 * Flooding was more dependable and gentle. * Spring – Heavy rains from C. Africa & Melting Snow from E. Africa added to the Nile. * July – October – The Nile flooded. * It left behind a layer of dark fertile mud. * Kemet – “the Black Land” Regular Flooding * Planted Wheat, Barley, & Flax seeds. * Irrigation – dug basins in the earth to trap the floodwater. Also dug canals to carry the water to their fields. How did the Egyptians use the Nile? What were hieroglyphics? So what? What is important to understand about this?

Regular Flooding The River People: Pages 41 - 42 Chapter 2 Section 1: The Nile Valley The River People: Pages 41 - 42 * Flooding was more dependable and gentle. * Spring – Heavy rains from C. Africa & Melting Snow from E. Africa added to the Nile. * July – October – The Nile flooded. * It left behind a layer of dark fertile mud. * Kemet – “the Black Land” Regular Flooding * Planted Wheat, Barley, & Flax seeds. * Irrigation – dug basins in the earth to trap the floodwater. Also dug canals to carry the water to their fields. How did the Egyptians use the Nile? * Egyptian writing system. It was made up of thousands of picture symbols. * Few people could read and write. A few men went to a special school to study and become scribes. What were hieroglyphics? So what? What is important to understand about this?

Nile River Irrigation

Basins trap floodwaters Nile River Irrigation

Basins trap floodwaters Dikes strengthen basins Nile River Irrigation

Basins trap floodwaters Dikes strengthen basins Nile River Irrigation Canals carry water to fields

Nile River Irrigation Basins trap floodwaters Dikes strengthen basins Nile River Irrigation Canals carry water to fields Shadoofs used to place water in basins

A United Egypt Because of the large food surplus some Egyptians became artisans. Egyptians traded with each other & other Mesopotamians. 2 large Kingdoms emerge: Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

A United Egypt Narmer – united the 2 Kingdoms. Ruled from Memphis. His descendants passed the ruling power on from father to son to grandson, forming a dynasty. Ancient Egypt was ruled by 31 dynasties that historians have grouped into 3 periods. Old Kingdom, Middle kingdom, & New Kingdom

Early Egyptian Life Ancient Egypt Social Class: pg 45 Men were the head of the household, however women could own and pass on property, buy and sell goods, make wills, and obtain divorces. Few children went to school. Egyptian girls learned to sew, cook, and run a household. Boys learned farming or a skilled trade.