FGDC Coordinaton Group Connected Vehicles & Digital Infrastructure Carl K. Andersen U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration 21 October 2014

Today’s Transportation Challenges Data Sources: Traffic Safety Facts: 2012 Data, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (Nov 2013) 2011 Annual Urban Mobility Report, Texas Transportation Institute (Feb 2013) Mobility 5.5 billion hours of travel delay $121 billion cost of urban congestion Mobility 5.5 billion hours of travel delay $121 billion cost of urban congestion Safety 33,561 highway deaths in million crashes in 2012 Leading cause of death for ages 4, Safety 33,561 highway deaths in million crashes in 2012 Leading cause of death for ages 4, Environment 2.9 billion gallons of wasted fuel 56 billion lbs of additional CO 2 Environment 2.9 billion gallons of wasted fuel 56 billion lbs of additional CO 2

Connected Vehicle Program Vehicles and Fleets Wireless Devices Infrastructure Drivers/Operators ITS Research = Multimodal and Connected Connectivity Image Source: Thinkstock

Vehicle Data latitude, longitude, time, heading angle, speed, lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration, yaw rate, throttle position, brake status, steering angle, headlight status, wiper status, external temperature, turn signal status, vehicle length, vehicle width, vehicle mass, bumper height Infrastructure Messages Signal Phase and Timing, Fog Ahead Train Coming Drive 35 mph 50 Parking Spaces Available Image Source: Thinkstock/USDOT Connected Vehicle Environment

Communications Technology What it is o Wi-Fi radio adapted for vehicle environment o Inexpensive to produce in quantity o Original FCC spectrum allocation in 1999 o FCC revised allocation in 2004 and 2006 How the technology works o Messages transmitted 10 times/sec (300m range – line of sight)  Basic Safety Message: vehicle position, speed, heading, acceleration, size, brake system status, etc.  Privacy is protected (vehicle location is NOT tracked) Challenges of the technology o Vehicles and infrastructure need to be equipped to gain benefit Other Communications Modes o Cellular 4G o Satellite o Fiber optic.

The Vehicle That Doesn’t Crash

Information Transmitted Random Vehicle ID, Sequence #, Time Stamp, Position (latitude, longitude, elevation, accuracy), Motion (speed, transmission state, heading angle, brake, accel /decel), Control (yaw rate), & Vehicle Size (length, width) Information Transmitted Random Vehicle ID, Sequence #, Time Stamp, Position (latitude, longitude, elevation, accuracy), Motion (speed, transmission state, heading angle, brake, accel /decel), Control (yaw rate), & Vehicle Size (length, width) Security Credentials DSRC V2V uses DSRC and GPS to enable wireless real-time communication between vehicles to notify driver of potential hazards. J2735 Basic Safety Message: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Overview Courtesy of Ford Motor Company

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Infrastructure receives and broadcasts information to enable applications. Vehicle-based applications use information from the infrastructure to augment sensor data. Agencies can use vehicle data to modify signal timing and make other operational decisions.

V2I Safety Applications Curve Speed Warning Red Light Violation Warning Stop Sign Gap Assist Smart Roadside

Mobility & Environment

Smoother Traffic Flows with Controlled Speed Harmonization Spotlight on Speed Harmonization

Source: VISSIM simulation for the Cooperative Vehicle Highway Systems to Improve Speed Harmonization Project Simulation of Speed Harmonization

Slightly Reduce Speed to Avoid Stop at Red Light AERIS EcoDrive Demonstration Fuel Savings: Ranged from 2.5 to 18 percent, depending on approach speed.

The Path To Deployment Defined V2V Apps Defined Safety (V2I), Mobility (V2V & V2I), AERIS & Weather Apps Pilots/Early Deployments Application Development NHTSA Decision Light Vehicles NHTSA Decision Heavy Vehicles FHWA Deployment Guidelines

Connected Vehicle Pilot Program  Proposed Program Schedule □ Summer-Fall Regional Pre-Deployment Workshops/Webinars □ Early Solicitation for Wave 1 Pilot Deployment Concepts □ Early Solicitation for Wave 2 Pilot Deployment Concepts □ September Pilot Deployments Complete  Resources □ ITS JPO Website: □ CV Pilots Program Website: P ROGRAM G OALS P ROGRAM G OALS CV Tech: Wirelessly connected vehicles, mobile devices, and infrastructure Safety, Mobility, and Environment Technical, Institutional, Financial

Safe and Connected Automation Safe o Meets requirements for functional safety, cybersecurity, and system performance Connectivity o Includes all types of communication with vehicles and infrastructure (Wi-Fi, DSRC, Cellular, etc.) Connected Automated Vehicle Leverages automated and connected vehicle technologies Connected Vehicle Communicates with nearby vehicles and infrastructure Not automated (level 0) Autonomous Vehicle Operates in isolation from other vehicles using internal sensors

A Global Standard

How do we maintain the driver’s privacy? What specific data elements do you need? How often to you need them? What are the benefits of the applications? How do you get the data? o Installation of equipment? o Purchase from a vendor? What new opportunities are there with cellular and a world of apps? Key Questions

Image: istock.com Policy Opportunities & Challenges  Privacy/ Cyber security  Governance  Funding/ Sustainability  Data ownership  Interoperability  Risk/ Liability  Implementation Stakeholders  Public/consumers  Automakers  Equip. Suppliers  Public agencies  Business/Industry  Interest groups  Innovators  Academia ..and many more! Successful Together Challenges Ahead

Thank You!