1. CICAS Coordination Meeting September 27 th, 2004 Virginia Overview

2. Overview of ICA Projects and Supporting Facilities Outline Outline –Description of VTTI ICA Projects –Infrastructure Test Bed –Vehicle Test Bed –Communications –Positioning

3. VTTI ICA Projects Three Efforts Three Efforts –Intersection Collision Avoidance (ICAV) –Intersection Decision Support (IDS) –Left-Turn Across Path – Opposite Direction (LTAP/OD) Conducted by General Dynamics under VTTI’s Indefinite Quantity Contract with NHTSA Conducted by General Dynamics under VTTI’s Indefinite Quantity Contract with NHTSA Project considers vehicle-based countermeasures to LTAP/OD crashes for both signalized and unsignalized intersections Project considers vehicle-based countermeasures to LTAP/OD crashes for both signalized and unsignalized intersections Also considering a limited range of cooperative countermeasure alternatives Also considering a limited range of cooperative countermeasure alternatives

4. ICA Areas Addressed Project Infrastructure- Only CooperativeVehicle-Only ICAV Straight-Crossing-Path crash prevention (NHTSA funded) SignalizedX UnsignalizedXX IDS Straight-Crossing-Path crash prevention (FHWA-VDOT funded) SignalizedX UnsignalizedX LTAP/OD (subcontract to General Dynamics, NHTSA funded) SignalizedXX UnsignalizedXX

5. Virginia’s Infrastructure and Vehicle Test Bed VTTI has developed an over-performing test bed that is architecture independent to develop performance specifications VTTI has developed an over-performing test bed that is architecture independent to develop performance specifications Test beds support evaluation of multiple architectures Test beds support evaluation of multiple architectures –Infrastructure only –Mostly infrastructure based with receiver and DVI in vehicle –Mostly vehicle based with transmitter in infrastructure (provides stop bar location and signal phase/timing) –Totally vehicle based with map in vehicle For stop signed intersections For stop signed intersections

6. Infrastructure Test Bed Smart Road Intersection Smart Road Intersection –VDOT worked with VTTI to integrate a signalized intersection on the Smart Road, a two-lane 2.2 mile length of road with restricted access –Run participant-driver experiments at up to 55 mph –Run sensor tests up to 70 mph

7. Intersection Controller Programmers interface with 2070 and 170 controllers Programmers interface with 2070 and 170 controllers Programmers developed controller to allow for complete control over the intersection’s traffic lights, including amber shortening, amber omission, and sudden presentation of a light phase Programmers developed controller to allow for complete control over the intersection’s traffic lights, including amber shortening, amber omission, and sudden presentation of a light phase

8. Infrastructure Sensors and Detectors Radar with a range of 600+ ft Radar with a range of 600+ ft Laser detection technology to simulate point detection Laser detection technology to simulate point detection Interface is easily reconfigurable so that new technologies can be quickly added Interface is easily reconfigurable so that new technologies can be quickly added

9. Infrastructure DIIs Visual via external signs Visual via external signs Haptic via tactile transducers attached to the vehicle (to simulate an intelligent rumble strip) Haptic via tactile transducers attached to the vehicle (to simulate an intelligent rumble strip) Warnings are reconfigurable Warnings are reconfigurable

10. Vehicle Test Bed 2000 Impala was loaned by General Motors for the ICA projects 2000 Impala was loaned by General Motors for the ICA projects

11. Vehicle Instrumentation Data collection system is a modified 100-Car DAS that synchronizes data from: Data collection system is a modified 100-Car DAS that synchronizes data from: –Vehicle: Pedal positions, velocity, acceleration, range to intersection (differential GPS) –Intersection: Signal phase and timing, infrastructure- based velocity and range to intersection –Experimenter Interface: Trial specifications Digital video is also collected and synchronized Digital video is also collected and synchronized

12. Vehicle DVIs Exploring visual, auditory, and haptic warnings Exploring visual, auditory, and haptic warnings

13. Communications Simulated DSRC Simulated DSRC –Allows for the transfer of information within the framework of the intersection safety application –Allows for the transfer of data between the controller and vehicle –Allows synchronization between the vehicle data stream and the controller data stream –Provides for redundancy of the most important dependent measures –Allows for two-way communication, so the infrastructure and vehicle can take over different functions in situ DSRC Antennas

14. Positioning Consists of two parts: Consists of two parts: –Mapping –Vehicle positioning (differential GPS) Purpose is to accurately place vehicle on the roadway Purpose is to accurately place vehicle on the roadway

16. Positioning Accuracy Map Accuracy (stationary accuracy) Map Accuracy (stationary accuracy) –Average st. dev., 61,180 measurements: Latitude:  0.011 m (1.1 cm, 0.45 in) Latitude:  0.011 m (1.1 cm, 0.45 in) Longitude:  0.009 m (0.9 cm, 0.38 in) Longitude:  0.009 m (0.9 cm, 0.38 in) Vehicle Positioning Accuracy (moving accuracy) Vehicle Positioning Accuracy (moving accuracy) –Less than 6 inches

17. Detuning Capabilities The infrastructure and vehicle test beds are “over performing” The infrastructure and vehicle test beds are “over performing” –Allows us to “detune” various aspects of the subsystems in order to determine the functional requirements of each subsystem –Directly affects the overall system architecture

18. Detuning Interface

19. IDS Technical Reports Neale, V. L., Perez, M. A., Doerzaph, Z. R., Holbrook, G. T., & Williams, V. (2002). Intersection decision support Task 0: Virginia IDS work plan (Report for Contract No. VTRC-MOAD-02-007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Neale, V. L., Perez, M. A., Doerzaph, Z. R., Holbrook, G. T., & Williams, V. (2002). Intersection decision support Task 0: Virginia IDS work plan (Report for Contract No. VTRC-MOAD-02-007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. –Work plan, and includes a literature review Perez, M. A., Neale, V. L., Holbrook, G. T., Doerzaph, Z. R., & Stone, S. (under review). Intersection decision support. Task B: Top level requirements for an IDS system to mitigate SCP crashes (Report for Contract No. VTRC-MOAD-02-007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Perez, M. A., Neale, V. L., Holbrook, G. T., Doerzaph, Z. R., & Stone, S. (under review). Intersection decision support. Task B: Top level requirements for an IDS system to mitigate SCP crashes (Report for Contract No. VTRC-MOAD-02-007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. –Preliminary top level requirements and a review of technologies

20. IDS Technical Reports Doerzaph, Z. R., Perez, M. A., & Neale, V. L. (under review). Intersection decision support. Task C.1: Enabling Research Experiment - Intersection stopping behavior as influenced by driver state: implications for Intersection Decision Support systems (Report for Contract No. VTRC-MOAD-02-007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Doerzaph, Z. R., Perez, M. A., & Neale, V. L. (under review). Intersection decision support. Task C.1: Enabling Research Experiment - Intersection stopping behavior as influenced by driver state: implications for Intersection Decision Support systems (Report for Contract No. VTRC-MOAD-02-007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Doerzaph, Z. R., Perez, M. A., & Neale, V. L. (under review). Intersection decision support. Task C.2: Enabling Research Experiment - Intersection stopping behavior as influenced by driver state: implications for Intersection Decision Support systems (Report for Contract No. VTRC-MOAD-02-007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Doerzaph, Z. R., Perez, M. A., & Neale, V. L. (under review). Intersection decision support. Task C.2: Enabling Research Experiment - Intersection stopping behavior as influenced by driver state: implications for Intersection Decision Support systems (Report for Contract No. VTRC-MOAD-02-007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute.

21. IDS Articles Submitted Doerzaph, Z. R., Perez, M. A., & Neale, V. L. (2004). Approach profiles for distracted, non- distracted, and willfully violating drivers: implications for an intersection decision support system. Paper presented at the ITS Safety and Security Conference, Miami, FL. Doerzaph, Z. R., Perez, M. A., & Neale, V. L. (2004). Approach profiles for distracted, non- distracted, and willfully violating drivers: implications for an intersection decision support system. Paper presented at the ITS Safety and Security Conference, Miami, FL. Perez, M. A., Doerzaph, Z. R. & Neale, V. L. (2004). Driver deceleration and response time when approaching an intersection: Implications for intersection violation warning. Paper to be presented at the Proceedings of the 48th Annual Conference of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, New Orleans, LA. Perez, M. A., Doerzaph, Z. R. & Neale, V. L. (2004). Driver deceleration and response time when approaching an intersection: Implications for intersection violation warning. Paper to be presented at the Proceedings of the 48th Annual Conference of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, New Orleans, LA.

22. ICAV Reports Submitted Lee, S. E., Knipling, R. R., DeHart, M. C., Perez, M. A., Holbrook, G. T., Brown, S., Stone, S., & Olson, R. L. (2004). Vehicle-based countermeasures for signal and stop sign violation. Task 1: Intersection control violation crash analyses Task 2: Top-level system and human factors requirements (Report No. DOT-HS-809-716). Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Lee, S. E., Knipling, R. R., DeHart, M. C., Perez, M. A., Holbrook, G. T., Brown, S., Stone, S., & Olson, R. L. (2004). Vehicle-based countermeasures for signal and stop sign violation. Task 1: Intersection control violation crash analyses Task 2: Top-level system and human factors requirements (Report No. DOT-HS-809-716). Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. –Preliminary top-level requirements and review of display alternatives and HF display requirements Lee, S. E., Knipling, R. R., Perez, M. A., Holbrook, G. T., & Stone, S. (under review). Vehicle-based countermeasures for signal and stop sign violation. Task 3 Test and Testbed Plan (Report for Contract No. DTNH22-00-C-07007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Lee, S. E., Knipling, R. R., Perez, M. A., Holbrook, G. T., & Stone, S. (under review). Vehicle-based countermeasures for signal and stop sign violation. Task 3 Test and Testbed Plan (Report for Contract No. DTNH22-00-C-07007). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. –Preliminary Requirements