3.4.1 Homeostasis 3.4.2 Necessity for Homeostasis 3.4.3 The Structure of an Exchange System in Flowering Plants 3.4.4 The Breathing System in the Human.

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3.4.1 Homeostasis Necessity for Homeostasis The Structure of an Exchange System in Flowering Plants The Breathing System in the Human Follow-Me – iQuiz

Q. What is homeostasis? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Note one reason why homeostasis is important in the human body. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. What is the function of the stomata of the leaf? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Name the structures in plant cells in which photosynthesis occurs. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Name a gas that leaves the leaf at the stoma(ta). Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. How do the nephrons of the kidneys contribute to homeostasis? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Name a factor that influences the diameter of the stoma(ta). Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Give a function of the guard cell. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Where do cilia occur in the breathing system? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. State precisely the events that take place in the alveoli. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. State the function of the epiglottis. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Name the process involved in the passage of gas between the alveolus and the blood. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. How does the liver contribute to homeostasis? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Name the apertures in stems that are equivalent to stomata. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Name the process by which the gases move in or out of the leaf. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. What is the function of cilia in the trachea? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. In the spongy mesophyll, gases can diffuse throughout the leaf. Name one such gas. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Tiny holes called... allow gases to enter and leave the leaf. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. How do the lungs contribute to homeostasis? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. How are alveoli adapted for their purpose? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Name the main gas transported in the pulmonary vein. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. How is oxygen transported in the blood? Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. State the function of the larynx. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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Q. Describe the role of the diaphragm in inhalation. Absorption or release of glucose; Heat generation Allows normal metabolic activities; Keeps temperature suitable for enzyme reactions Close off trachea Chloroplasts Capillary network; Moist surface; Thin walled; Elastic wall; Large surface area; One cell thick Diffusion Controls stomatal size; Controls passage of gases Contracts, lowers and increases volume of thorax CO 2 ; Light intensity; Potassium ions; Water Excretion of water or CO 2 ; Release of heat Lenticels Make sound Osmosis Oxygen Exchange of gases – CO 2 out, O 2 in by diffusion Trachea Stomata Oxygen; Water vapour; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen Their motion carries trapped dirt particles and bacteria upwards to the glottis Air; Water vapour; O 2 ; CO 2 ; N 2 Excretion or reabsorption of water; Excretion of salts; Reabsorption of salts Allow exchange of gases; Transpiration Maintaining a constant internal environment By oxyhaemoglobin

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