1. Human Breathing System
D. Crowley, 2007

2. Learning objectives:
Must say what the job of the lungs is and name the main parts
Should describe the special features the lungs have to do their job really well
Could explain how the alveoli work

3. OXYGEN ENERGY Carbon Dioxide
To take in _______________ for cellular respiration to produce ___________ and
ENERGY
To take out ______________________ as a waste product of cellular respiration.
Carbon Dioxide

4. Lungs are the organs of respiration.
What is gas exchange?
The process of oxygen and carbon dioxide moving between the lungs and the blood.
What are the lungs?
Lungs are the organs of respiration.
The right lung is a little bigger than the left lung. This the left lung has to fit around the heart making it slightly smaller.
The lungs are split into lobes
The left lung is split into 2 lobes while the right lung is split into 3 lobes.
Lungs have a very spongy texture and have a large surface area.

5. Breathing System
What is the breathing system for? What is it made up of?
The breathing system is used by the body to get the oxygen needed for respiration + used to get rid of the waste product carbon dioxide
It is made up of: -
The lungs
Tubes leading from the lungs to the mouth and nose
Various structures in the chest, allowing air to move in and out of the lungs

6. Task: Label the different parts of the respiratory system
Match up the parts of the respiratory system with the correct description.

7. Trachea
Ribs
Alveoli
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lung
Intercostal
Muscles
Diaphragm

8. STRUCTURES Nose Mouth Pharynx Larynx/ Vocal chord Trachea/windpipe
Where air enters or exit the body. Inside it has hairs to filter dust particles
Air and food passage
Fastest way to get air into lungs but no air or bacteria filter
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Air passage that is supported by cartilage rings
Larynx/
Vocal chord
As air passage to trachea. Here is where we produce our voice
Trachea/windpipe
Spongy structure that has a function for the place of gas exchange. Its volume can expand during inhalation
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchi
Branch of bronchi
Air passage to alveoli
Bronchiole
Tiny air sacs. This is the place of gas exchange.
Large flat muscle that control breathing process
Diaphragm
Alveoli

9. Breathing Ventilation
When your muscles change the size of your lungs.
Ventilation
The movement of air into and out of your lungs

10. Two types of Ventilation

11. How are inhaled and exhaled air different?
As you breath, your lungs fill with air again and again. This is called ventilation. Air is inhaled (taken in) into the lungs. Some of the oxygen is removed and passes into the blood. Carbon dioxide, a poisonous waste gas produced in respiration, passes out of the blood and into the air in the lungs. This is exhaled (breathed out). The composition of gases in inhaled air and exhaled air is different.
% in inhaled air
% in exhaled air
Oxygen 21 17
Nitrogen 78
Carbon Dioxide
0.04 4
Other Gases
0.96
Water
variable
saturated

12. Three type of respiration
External respiration
– Exchange of gases between ____________ and _________
tissue
– Occurs in ___________ of lung tissue
blood
atmosphere
Alveoli

13. Three type of respiration
Internal respiration
– Exchange of gases between _______ and _______ of the body
Blood
cell
This happens when red blood cell transport O2 to all cells in the body’s tissues.

14. Three type of respiration
ATP energy O2
– Utilization of ___________ to produce _______ from sugar in the cell
Inside
mitochondria
+ O2
Sugar [GLUCOSE]
Energy source for cells
H2O + CO2 +

15. Gas Exchange
It is vital we get as much oxygen as possible during every breathe, as well as remove as much carbon dioxide as possible
In the lungs, oxygen travels to thousands of tiny air sacs called alveoli - covered with tiny blood vessels
The alveoli are adapted to make gas exchange in lungs happen easily and efficiently (Not more, just faster)

16. Gas Exchange
The gases move by diffusion - net movement from a [high] to [low]
Oxygen diffuses from air in alveoli into blood
Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into air in alveoli
Some water vapour is also lost from the surface of the alveoli

17. OXYGEN AND CO2 DIFFUSION IN THE LUNGS

18. Alveoli – adaptations to speed up diffusion in gas exchange
Alveoli give the lungs a really big surface area
Alveoli have moist, thin walls (just one cell thick) called the alveolus epithelium
Alveoli have a lot of tiny blood vessels called capillaries – continuous blood flow

19. Gas Exchange Complete the worksheet and stick in
Capillaries surround the air sacs
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs
Plasma carries CO2 within the blood
CO2 O2

20. Cilia
There are also specialised cells in the lining of the breathing tubes which produce a sticky mucus to trap dirt and microbes
Specialised cells called cilia help to move this mucus out of the lungs
Smoking can damage these delicate cells (hot smoke and tar) and they are less effective
This is why smokers cough a lot, trying to move this mucus
Cilia

21. Summary
The breathing system allows for gas exchange - it needs to be as efficient as possible (alveoli have thin walls and very large surface areas - area the same as a tennis court)!

22. Summary
Oxygen is transferred into the blood, and carbon dioxide out of it via diffusion (net movement from high concentration to low concentration)

23. Ollie the oxygen comic strip
Key words:
Cilia
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
High/low concentration
alveolar epithelium
capillary
endothelium haemoglobin.
Parts to include:
Entering the nose
Passing the trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles – alveoli
Gas exchange at the alveoli (O2 and CO2)
Transportation in the blood

24. Science Quiz
When? Monday, 6th April 2015 What to study? Cells and Respiratory System