Art History Slides 24-

Venice, The Dogana And Santa Maria Della Salute-William Turner The greatest 19th century landscape painter was the English artist Joseph Mallord William Turner whose luminous atmospheric works are precursors to Impressionism as well as all kinds of contemporary painterly abstraction. His swirling of colored light on clouds and water resulted in abstract paintings. He often illustrated historical events or literary themes, suggesting ships, buildings, landscapes, but these were incidental to the portrayal of atmospheric effects such as fires, storms, the smoke of battle, and sunsets.

William Turner 1843 Venice, The Dogana And Santa Maria Della Salute Slide 24

William Turner 1835-1840 Yacht Approaching the Coast

William Turner Flint Castle

William Turner The Slave Ship

Francisco Goya His early works are pleasant views of upper-class Spanish frivolity, but after a serious 2 year illness left him stone deaf, his sensibility took a distinctly darker turn. The French occupation of Spain (1808-14) had two consequences we take note of today: it spawned the first tactics of guerrilla war and also produced the first expressionist art. Goya’s series of 65 etchings produced in 1810-14, “The Disasters of War,” are among the most dramatic protests against the insanity of war ever made. Goya’s work, according to many art historians, marks the decisive beginning of the modern age.

Francisco Goya 1814 The Third of May 1808 Slide 25

Saturn devouring his son

The sleep of reason produces monsters

No. 4 from the Disasters Of War

Paul Cezanne Paul Cezanne was one of the most influential figures in modern art taking us into the 19th century. His most popular genres were still life and landscapes. He would study a landscape, painting it several times in different conditions. He was credited for his theory of thirds. The most dynamic paintings are ones where the most important elements in a composition sit where the division of thirds intersect on a page.

Mont Sainte-Victoire 1897 Paul Cezanne Slide 26

Mont Sainte-Victoire 10

Mountains In Provence (near L Estaque)

Still Life

Curtain Jug And Fruit

Auguste Rodin The Thinker 1879-1889 Slide 27

Impressionism In 1874, a group of young artists whose work had been rejected by the stuffy Salon survey that the Paris art world mounted every year decided to go it on their own. A local journalist mockingly called the artists “impressionists,” after Monet’s painting Impression, Sunrise (1872). The name stuck.

Impressionism Artists -Their close examinations of nature were almost like scientists examining visual phenomena. -They were the first to take their canvas and go outside to paint. -Plein Air- The French term for open air (painting outside.) -They painted highly colorful, light-filled every day scenes. They did not use much browns and grays and even used other colors to create shadows. -The secret of Impressionism: Marks of pure color placed side by side to achieve brilliance and luminosity. -They did not smooth over brush strokes, left forceful strokes to create dynamic paintings.

Claude Monet 1903 Waterloo Bridge, London, Sunlight Effect

Claude Monet -His Impression, Sunrise is where the term Impressionism came from. -First of the artists to work in plein air. Most of his paintings were made outdoors to capture the brilliance of light and the atmosphere. He sometimes worked on many paintings of the same thing at once to capture different times of the day and different weather changes. (The Cathedral in Rouen; Grainstacks, White Frost Effect; Houses of Paliment, Effect of Sunlight in the Fog.) -He had many hard years where he barely made enough money for his wife, Camille, and his children to live. Many times living with other families. As his art started to be appreciated, he moved to the countryside in Giverny. He eventually bought a house there and planted a wonderful garden with beautiful ponds and bridges. He spent the rest of his life painting around his house and gardens. -He is well known for his painting of his ponds, bridges at Giverny and waterlilies. (Water-Lily Pond, Symphony in Green; Water-Lilies) -In his lifetime, he did become famous and was recognized around the world. People came from all over to rent rooms near Giverny to paint his gardens. -One of his water lily paintings he did in 1904 sold in 2007 for $36.7 million. The money did not matter to him, he was more interested in “painting fleeting moments in nature.”

Monet 1875 Woman with a Parasol

Claude Monet 1916-1919 Blue Water Lilies Slide 28

Edgar Degas Degas was obsessed with casual scenes of everyday life, especially scenes of women at work. He painted milliners, dancers, café singers, prostitutes, and launderers. Like no artist before him, his compositions are cropped and asymmetrical, with the subjects off to the side of the canvas rather than centered in the middle. By using such odd, almost nonchalant perspectives, Dega’s pictures suggest glimpses of the real world. From the mid-1880s on, Degas was obsessively preoccupied with pictures of female bathers, usually done in pastel but also rendered with oil on canvas and prints. Degas is also justly famous for sculptures made in wax and bronze and usually depicting dancers, which he would occasionally dress in real outfits as an experiment in heightened realism.

[La danseuse sur la scene} (The Star [Dancer on the Stage]) Edgar Degas 1878 L’etoile [La danseuse sur la scene} (The Star [Dancer on the Stage]) Slide 29

Mary Cassatt The American Impressionist was a lady from Pittsburgh who lived in Paris. Her specialty: portraits of mother and child. In Susan Comforting the Baby you can observe the way in which she uses the free Impressionist brush strokes and unusual compositions found in the work of her friend Degas to focus on the particularly intimate world of mother and child. This picture captures the fleeting moment: out in her carriage to take the air on a beautiful spring day, the baby has banged her head and her mother hastens to console her before tears break out.

Mary Cassatt 1881 Susan Comforting the Baby

Mary Cassatt 1891 The Bath Slide 30

Edouard Manet Although Manet didn’t paint like the Impressionists, and never exhibited with them, he hung out with them. He was a real scandal-monger, who could take conventions of proper behavior and turn them on their head in the most provocative way. His famous picture, Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe, caused a scandal when it was exhibited in 1863. It looked like two fully clothed men picnicking with two naked women in a public park. In Manet’s A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, the barmaid looks bored as she waits for your order; you can practically hear the hubbub of the crowd at the tables seen in the mirror behind her. The legs of a trapeze artist dangle in the top left of the picture.

Edouard Manet 1863 The Luncheon on the Grass (Le Dejeuner sur l’herbe)

Edouard Manet 1882 A Bar at the Foiles-Bergere Slide 31

Pierre-Auguste Renior Renoir's paintings are notable for their vibrant light and saturated color, most often focusing on people in intimate and candid compositions. The female nude was one of his primary subjects. In characteristic Impressionist style, Renoir suggested the details of a scene through freely brushed touches of color, so that his figures softly fuse with one another and their surroundings. By 1883, he had kind of a mid-life artistic crisis and decided to change his work all around and start over from scratch. His voluptuous nudes set in lush summer landscapes, that Renoir is so famous for represent a new direction in his painting.

Pierre-Auguste Renior 1876 Dance at Le Moulin De La Galette Slide 31