Why has the U.S. had a continual presence in SWA? VOCAB: Saddam Hussein, Persian Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Osama Bin Laden, Al-Qaeda,Taliban VOCAB: Saddam Hussein, Persian Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Osama Bin Laden, Al-Qaeda,Taliban d. Explain U.S. presence and interest in Southwest Asia; include the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.

PERSIAN GULF WAR

WHEN? Began January 1991 Began January 1991 Ended March 1991 Ended March 1991

WHO? Iraq versus 30 other nations of the world Iraq versus 30 other nations of the world What term refers to groups working together toward a common goal when they usually do not work together on a regular basis? What term refers to groups working together toward a common goal when they usually do not work together on a regular basis?

COALITION Remember this term also refers to the Israeli government. Why?

WHERE? Kuwait and Iraq Kuwait and IraqWHY? Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait in August 1990 accusing Kuwait of taking Iraqi oil Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait in August 1990 accusing Kuwait of taking Iraqi oil

WHAT? U.N. demanded withdraw of Iraq U.N. demanded withdraw of Iraq Cut off trade with Iraq through U.N. “sanctions” Cut off trade with Iraq through U.N. “sanctions” U.S. and other coalition countries built up forces in Saudi Arabia U.S. and other coalition countries built up forces in Saudi Arabia U.N. sets withdraw date U.N. sets withdraw date Iraq rejects-U.S. begins air war Iraq rejects-U.S. begins air war Iraq defeated in less than 2 months Iraq defeated in less than 2 months

EFFECTS? Improve U.S. relations (some) Improve U.S. relations (some) with Arab world with Arab world Stage is set for continued U.S. involvement in Iraq Stage is set for continued U.S. involvement in Iraq U.S. flies “No Fly Zone” for over a decade to protect Kurds and neighbor nations U.S. flies “No Fly Zone” for over a decade to protect Kurds and neighbor nations

AFGHAN WAR/ OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM

WHEN? October 2001-present October 2001-presentWHERE? Afghanistan Afghanistan

WHO? Osama Bin Laden (Al-Qaeda) and Taliban Osama Bin Laden (Al-Qaeda) and Taliban U.S. and British troops (mostly) U.S. and British troops (mostly)WHY? Response to Response to Sept. 11, 2001 attacks on World Trade Center and Pentagon Nearly 3,000 killed Nearly 3,000 killed

WHAT? Investigations named Bin Laden responsible Investigations named Bin Laden responsible Mission: find him and oust the Taliban from power who had made Afghanistan a hot bed for terrorist training camps Mission: find him and oust the Taliban from power who had made Afghanistan a hot bed for terrorist training camps Massive air bombing Massive air bombing Major war against “insurgents” Major war against “insurgents” Beginning of “baby” Islamic Republic Beginning of “baby” Islamic Republic

EFFECTS? 3 million refugees were able to return home after years of war prior to U.S. invasion 3 million refugees were able to return home after years of war prior to U.S. invasion Further democracy in the world Further democracy in the world To this date: eliminated large target terrorist attacks on U.S. soil To this date: eliminated large target terrorist attacks on U.S. soil Afghanistan Afghanistan still deals with a country tormented by war

Greater freedoms for women Greater freedoms for women

OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM

When? March present March present 2010 combat missions ended 2010 combat missions endedWhere? Iraq Iraq

Who? U.S., British, Australian (mostly) U.S., British, Australian (mostly) Saddam Hussein and his regime Saddam Hussein and his regimeWhy? Believed connections between Saddam Hussein and Al-Qaeda Believed connections between Saddam Hussein and Al-Qaeda Fear of development of weapons of mass destruction Fear of development of weapons of mass destruction

What? U.N. sent to inspect for WMD’s-Hussein refused to cooperate U.N. sent to inspect for WMD’s-Hussein refused to cooperate 2002 U.S. Congress passed Iraq war resolution to authorize war 2002 U.S. Congress passed Iraq war resolution to authorize war March 2003 U.S. starts “Shock and Awe” bombing of Iraqi capital of Baghdad March 2003 U.S. starts “Shock and Awe” bombing of Iraqi capital of Baghdad Iraq forces defeated, many surrendered Iraq forces defeated, many surrendered

Hussein captured, convicted, and sentenced to death in 2006 for killing 148 people in Village of Dujail Hussein captured, convicted, and sentenced to death in 2006 for killing 148 people in Village of Dujail

Effects? Increased U.S. presence in Southwest Asia Increased U.S. presence in Southwest Asia Spread of democracy in Southwest Asia Spread of democracy in Southwest Asia A more stable S.W.A. makes the world more stable A more stable S.W.A. makes the world more stable