May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 4 Key Issue 1 Where Do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse?

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six2 Habit A repetitive act that a particular individual performs.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six3 Custom A repetitive act of a group, performed to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six4 A collection of social customs produces a group’s material culture.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six5 Two basic categories of material culture  Folk Culture  Popular Culture

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six6 Folk Culture Material culture traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six7 Popular Culture Material culture practiced by large, heterogeneous societies that share habits despite differences in personal characteristics, and most frequently originate in MDCs.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six8 Scale of Territory Territory of Folk culture is typically much smaller than that of Popular culture.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six9 Through Globalization popular culture is becoming more dominant, threatening the survival of unique folk cultures.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six10 Each social custom has a unique spatial distribution.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six11 Two basic factors that explain spatial differences  The process of origin  The pattern of diffusion

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six12 Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures  Folk culture originates from anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators.  Popular culture is most often a product of the economically more developed countries; - popular music - fast food

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six13 Popular culture is becoming more dominant, threatening the survival of unique folk cultures, which provide a unique identity to each group of people who occupy a specific region on Earth’s surface.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six14 Origin of Folk Music  Composed anonymously and transmitted orally.  Tell story or convey information about - daily activities - life-cycle events - mysterious events

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six15 Example of Folk Culture In Vietnam, where most people are subsistence farmers, information about agricultural technology is conveyed through folk songs.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six16 Origin of Country Music  Folk customs may have multiple origins.  Geographer George Carney identified 4 major hearths of country music - southern Appalachia - Central Tennessee and Kentucky - the Ozark and Ouachita uplands - north-central Texas

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six17 Origins of country music

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six18 Origin of Popular Music  Written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to a large number of people.  Originated around 1900  Diffusion of American popular music worldwide began during World War II

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six19 Tin Pan Alley Cluster of music writers and publishers in New York City.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six20 Diffusion of Hip Hop  Originated in New York in late 1970s.  A return to a very local form of music expression.  Diffused rapidly around the world through globalization.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six21 Proximity of prominent hip hop performers.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six22 Diffusion of Folk and Popular Cultures Popular culture diffuses rapidly and extensively through the use of modern communications and transportation.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six23 The Spread of Popular Culture Follows the process of hierarchical diffusion from hearths or nodes of innovation. - Hollywood (movies) - Madison Avenue (advertising)

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six24 Folk Culture Is transmitted from one location to another. - More slowly - At a smaller scale - Through relocation diffusion

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six25 Relocation Diffusion The spread of a characteristic through migration.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six26 The Amish  An example of Relocation Diffusion.  Distinctive clothing, farming, and religious practices.  Shun mechanical and electrical power.  Travel by horse and buggy and continue to use hand tools for farming.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six27

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six28

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six29

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six30

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six31 Amish Settlements  Number only about 70,000 in US.  Visible on the landscape in at least 17 states.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six32 Amish Settlements

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six33 Amish History  Originated in Switzerland, France, and Germany in the 1600s.  Followers of Swiss Mennonite bishop; Jakob Ammann.  Two waves of Amish families migrated to U.S. - in early 1700s, to Pennsylvania. - in early 1800s, to Ohio, Iowa, and Ontario.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six34 Amish Communities  Retain their traditional customs.  Relatively isolated from each other.  Diffusing slowly through interregional migration. - in search of inexpensive farm land - to escape influx of tourists

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six35 Soccer  An example of h ierarchical diffusion of Popular Culture.  In the latter 20 th Century, the world’s most popular sport.  Began as a folk culture.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six36 Early History of Soccer  Earliest documented contest took place in 11 th century England (called “Kick the Dane’s head”).  Between rival villages, with the winners kicking the ball into the center of the rival village.  Renamed “football” in 12 th Century.  Banned by King Henry II at end of 12 th Century.  Legalized in 1603 by King James I.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six37 From the World to Houston PELE

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six38 Globalization of Soccer  Began in 1800s.  Rules were standardized in  The Dutch were the first continental Europeans to play soccer in 1870s.  The British diffused the game throughout their empire.  Soccer was further diffused by radio and television.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six39 The Diffusion of Rugby  Originated in England in 1823, when football (soccer) player picked up the ball and ran with it.  Spread to the US in 1873, when Harvard representative successfully argued the adoption of rugby rules over soccer.  Later modified into American Style football.  Similar modification of Rugby rules were taken by Canadians, Australians, and the Irish.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six40 Some Other Preferred Popular Sports  Cricket is popular in Britain and former British Colonies.  Ice hockey prevails in Canada, Northern Europe, and Russia.  Forms of Martial Arts are popular in China.  Baseball in the US and Japan.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six41 Lacrosse Known as “bump hips” began among the Iroquois Confederation of North America.

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six42

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six43 GLOBALIZATION OF AN AMERICAN SPORT: BASKETBALL, Ranong Province, Thailand

May 10, 2015S. Mathews & Damon Six44 “TAKRAM”, sport in Thailand that is a combination of soccer (“no hands”) & volleyball (“net”)