U B Desai Dec Teach. Res. n Standards

Role of Higher Education  Convey knowledge  Create knowledge  Create and develop ideas  Innovations  Publish  Develop future citizens  Create a better society Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 2

Changing Times...  This system has worked for along time  Internet has been a game changer  The world is flat (Thomas Friedman)  A lot of education involved imparting information  But today that does not work with lot of online information / explanation that is available  On-line courses / education is gaining momentum  With rising cost of educatin (at least in the developed world), in time to come online may become the norm  Academia is suddenly required to change its trajectory in a fundamental sense Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 3

Add to this IPR Challenges  IPR regime has thrown up new challenges  Along with changing role of academicians from an education perspective, generating IPR puts additional pressure  Standards:  Now there is a need to contribute to standards  Urge for startups …  New role … Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 4

New role for academician  Convey knowledge  Create knowledge  Create and develop ideas  Innovations  Publish  Develop future citizens  Create a better society  Develop on-line education system – major modification in teaching and research paradigm  Research students may not be in residence  Generate IPR  Contribute to standards  If possible have startups … Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 5

Resources …  Need for additional resources (money)  Need for increasing the professorial pool  Need for additional infrastructure  Physical Infra  Research Infra  Prototyping Infra  A look at the resource scenario … Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 6

(Source: UNESCO Statistical year Book, 1999; R. Chidambaram, Current Science, 25 March 2005) No. of papers in top 1% of cited papers Per Capita R and D Expend. In US$ R n D Expend Per top cited paper in US$ mil No. of top papers per Mil. $ expenditure Expenditure per scientists in US$ 1000 Scientists per Million population

R and D Scenario Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 8 R and D Expenditure as % of GDP Govt. funding as % of total funding India0.8%80% China1.2%70% USA2.8%30% Japan3.0%30% Indian Government is moving in the right direction and has increased allocation of R&D during 11th Plan period ( ) to 75,304 Crores as compared to 25,300 Crores during the 10th Plan period (MHRD resource).

$$ figures for patents and standards by academicians  Don’t have $$ figures patents from academicians  Don’t have data on contribution to standards by academicians  Because, the numbers are too small; the effort is by few individuals in the academic community Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 9

Number of Doctoral Graduates, 2005 and Average Annual Growth (%), Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 10 Research, Patents, Contribution to Standards, strongly linked to number of Ph.Ds. produced Number of Engineering Ph.D.s in India is approx. 1500/yr

Incentives for patents and Standards  Publication have incentives  Promotions (tenure)  Possible to get funding for research  Patents are beginning to get recognition in proposals and promotions  Proposal for sponsored research is still for research with one of the possible outcome being contributions to standards Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 11

Contributions to standards from India  Very Little  CeWiT – Center for Excellence in Wireless Technology  Has contributed to 4G standards  Some contribution from IISc fac. But in partnership with an industry: Beecem  Some activity form fac. At IITs  General Observations  Doing it on your own not very impacting  Imperative to align with some industries  Cost intensive Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 12

Efforts to promote by IITs and IISc  IISc:  SID: Society for Innovations and Development  IIT Bombay:  SINE: Society for Innovations and Entrepreneurship  IIT Delhi:  FITT: Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer  IIT Kanpur:  SIIC: SIDBI innovation and incubation centre  IIT Kharagpur:  STEP: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs’ Park  IIT Madras:  IITM Research Park  … Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 13

WHAT IS THE WAY OUT? Motivating and Incentivizing Contributions to Standards by Academicians Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 14

Partnership with Industry a Must  Very difficult for an academician to make an impacting contribution to standards  Even if she / he does, the value is limited:  To get any benefit  It has be a cooperative effort  Simply having an optional contribution in the overall standard is not enough  Partnership with industry a must  Industry too should recognize that this can be a win-win situation and should be flexible in sharing … Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 15

Incentivizing Contributions to Standards  There has to be a tangible reason as to why an academician should get into standards  In principle, it is not part of his portfolio  Some monetary benefits will help  Recognizing that standards can actually feed in to research will also help Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 16

Regenerative Cycle: Standards as feeder for research Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 17 Questions Research Innovations Standards Patents Implementation Prototype Product Issues

Concluding Remarks  If we want to promote standardization we need to promote innovations  Need to create a strong culture of innovations in India  Innovations will lead to contributions to standards, which in turn will feed research  Partnership with industry an absolute must  Resources ??? Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 18

Quote from Prof. Indiresan … According to Karl Popper the essence of scientific enquiry is not to prove a theory but to disprove it – an idea that will shock most Indian policy makers, even the scientists among them. The West alone has the unique tradition of advancing science through creative destruction. They measure progress not by preserving the goodness, the sanctity, of the existing paradigm but by discovering the boundary at which it breaks down and fails. Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 19

Dec Teach. Res. n Standards 20