Musculoskeletal System

Common names

Vocabulary Lesson 2 1. skeleton – the framework of connected bones in your body 2. bone – is an organ of the skeletal system that stores minerals 3. bone marrow – soft tissue inside a bone that makes blood cells and stores fat

4. cartilage – the tissue between the bones in your movable joints 5. joint – is a place where two or more bones meet 6. ligament – connects bones together at joints 7. tendon – attaches muscles to bones

8. Osteoporosis – a disease in which the bones become weaker 9. arthritis – painful joints 10. voluntary muscles – muscles you have control over 11. involuntary muscles – muscles you do not have control over

1. What is your Skeletal System? a. The skeleton is the framework to hold you up and protect organs b. More than 200 bones – 206 as an adult

c. Almost every bone is connected to another bone by a joint i. Ligaments hold two bones together at joints ii. Joints also allow bones to move iii. Tendons attach muscles to bones

d. types of bones – long, short, flat, irregular

2. Bone and joints 2. Bone and joint development a. cartilage between bones in movable joints, keeps bones from grinding together b. soft flexible tissue when you are a baby, as you get older it hardens and becomes bone tissue as minerals, such as calcium, build up in the bone

c. types of joints – fixed, slightly moveable, and synovial (ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, and saddle) d. Osteoporosis – is a disease in which the bones become weaker e. Arthritis – is irritation of the joints, painful joints

Joints

3. What is your muscular system? a. Made up of all your muscles b. Movement occurs by contracting the muscle (length shortens) c. Some muscles stretch across movable joints

d. Connection of bone to muscle = tendons, bone to bone = ligaments e. Muscles only pull, not push – helped by working in pairs - ex: bicep and tricep When one contracts, the other relaxes f. muscles you have control over are voluntary – EX: moving your arm to catch a ball, muscles that you do not have control over are involuntary – EX: heart beating

4. Kinds of muscles Skeletal muscle – muscles that is attached to bones, when they contract they pull on bones causing bone movement Smooth muscle – is muscle that forms some internal organs, contraction of this type of muscles pushes materials through the organ Cardiac muscle – is muscle that forms the heart

Musculoskeletal problems Osteoporosis - weakening of the bone caused by low calcium or lack of weight bearing exercise Arthritis - Painful joint inflammation - medication and physical therapy Osteoarthritis - arthritis caused by aging - joint replacement, medication Scoliosis - curvature of the spine - exercise or a brace Sprain (injury to ligaments) vs. strain (overstretching and possible torn muscle) - RICE (rest, ice, compression and elevation) 17

Inguinal hernia - intestine bulges through abdominals - surgery Muscular Dystrophy - genetic disease leading to muscular weakness and sometimes destruction of muscle tissue - no cure, physical therapy Inguinal hernia - intestine bulges through abdominals - surgery Muscle cramp - sudden and painful muscle contraction - stretch, potassium Tendinitis - inflammation of a tendon caused by aging or excessive exercise or improper form during activity - rest, anti- inflammatory medication, avoid overuse Shin splints - muscle tearing away from the bone - rest, ice, pain meds 18

Review Lesson 2 Review – Lesson 2 What are the 2 main jobs for your skeleton? What are the 4 types of bones and give an example of each type? What is a joint and name one type What is the difference between tendons and ligaments? What is cartilage and where is it found?

How do your muscles make your bones move? List the 3 kinds of muscles and describe their functions. Name one problem of the skeletal system and its treatment or prevention Name one problem of the muscular system and its treatment or prevention 20

1. Hold you upright and protect your organs 2. Long (humerus, femur); Short (patella, carpals, tarsals); Irregular (pelvis, vertebrae); Flat (skull, ribs) 3. A joint is where 2 or more bones connect ... ball and socket = hip and shoulder; hinge = knee and elbow 4. Tendons connect muscle to bone and ligaments connect bone to bone 5. Cartilage is found at the ends of many bones and the tips of nose and ears 21

6. Muscles contract (pull) and because each end of the muscle is attached to a different bone, it pulls the bones closer together 7. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and create movement; Smooth muscles make up many internal organs such as the stomach and intestines and help move food through the digestive system; Cardiac muscle is the muscle found in the heart that pushes blood through the body 22