Ofil’s proprietary material Cannot be used without Ofil's explicit permission

Ofil’s proprietary Material | 2011  Partial Discharge and the Corona Phenomenon  Solar Blind Imaging  Corona Inspection as a PDM tool in hand  Faults  Indications  Methodology

Ofil’s proprietary Material | 2011  Detect PD corona & arcing - in daylight  Diagnostic tool  Condition monitoring of critical components  Perform predictive maintenance

 Trigger localized high e-fields that exceed a critical value kV/cm  Generates Audio noise Corrosive materials (O 3, NO - ) Radio and TV interferences UV - corona

E field e e + e e + e e e + -V e UV Ph In the presence of a strong E-field Free electrons accelerate Collide with air molecules and ionize them Additional electrons are released Photons are released with recombination Procedure repeats itself

Ozone blocks Solar UV Signals

Goal: Collect UV events & superimpose Imaging “Black Box” input - sceneryoutput - screen

Ofil’s proprietary material Cannot be used without Ofil's explicit permission

 External – surface  Line of sight  Voltage dependent  Any weather conditions  Indicator & Actor  Fault early stage detection

 Corrosion and erosion  Pitted cement  Hydrophobicity compromise  RFI/TVI

3. Lineman from EMC takes down the faulty arrestor 1. Corona during hazy day 2. Camera depicts the exact corona arcing location RFI/TVI Case 1: A US Government Licensed Radio Amateur Operator: The receiving equipment was reading a noise level of some 30 dB over S9 (Signal strength is measured in S-units from S1 to S9) and the noise blanking system of the receiving equipment could not eliminate the noise.

Case 2: USA 1.RFI at FAA Control Tower during wet weather 2. The source: Bad grounding on 4.16kV, 12.47kV, 115kV insulators Case 3: Czech Republic 1.RFI at Czech Radio Telecomm Authority experienced TVI 2. The source: Pin of a ceramic insulator was wrongly installed

Tracking & loss of hydrophobicity

Brittle fracture: corona cameras can clearly show surface discharge that exists on insulators with housing imperfections in order to avoid catastrophic failure.

 Faulty designs  Faulty installations  Poor material  Existing processes

 No corona ring  Grading ring installed backwards

 Cracked insulator  Wrong design

AN, RI, TVI concern? Events per Minute Can it be damaged by corona? Corona- where? Critical component? Material type Critical location? Corona intensity? No Yes High> <Medium<5000 Low<1000 Monitor for additional signs Schedule repair or replacement Repair or replace ASAP No Yes Repair or replace ASAP

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