Ionic Bonding Continued: Acids

Ionic Bonding Continued - Acids What is an acid? What is an acid? Ionic compounds that give off hydrogen ions when dissolved in water Ionic compounds that give off hydrogen ions when dissolved in water Tend to be corrosive Tend to be corrosive Taste sour Taste sour Conduct electricity Conduct electricity Have their own unique naming system Have their own unique naming system

Acid Structure Have a characteristic formula structure: “HX” Where “H” is a hydrogen cation Where “H” is a hydrogen cation Where “X” is an anion Where “X” is an anion So generally, if you see a formula for an ionic compound that starts with an “H” it is likely an acid So generally, if you see a formula for an ionic compound that starts with an “H” it is likely an acid

Naming Acids Scenario 1 – The anion ends in the suffix “ide” Scenario 1 – The anion ends in the suffix “ide” Add the prefix “hydro” to the anion Add the prefix “hydro” to the anion Change the suffix to “ic” Change the suffix to “ic” Add the word “acid” to the end Add the word “acid” to the end i.e. HF  hydrogen & fluoride i.e. HF  hydrogen & fluoride  hydrofluoric acid  hydrofluoric acid i.e. HCN  hydrogen & cyanide i.e. HCN  hydrogen & cyanide  hydrocyanic acid  hydrocyanic acid

Examples Name the following compounds Name the following compounds 1. H ɪ 2. H 3 P 3. H 2 S 4. HF Write the formula for the following compounds Write the formula for the following compounds 1. Hydrobromic acid 2. Hydroselenic acid 3. Hydroxidic acid

Naming Acids Scenario 2 – The anion ends with the suffix “ate” Scenario 2 – The anion ends with the suffix “ate” Change the suffix of the anion to “ic” Change the suffix of the anion to “ic” Add the word “acid” to the end Add the word “acid” to the end Note: no need for the “hydro” prefix Note: no need for the “hydro” prefix Hint to remember – “If you ATE it, its Icky” Hint to remember – “If you ATE it, its Icky” i.e. HNO 3  hydrogen & nitrate i.e. HNO 3  hydrogen & nitrate  nitric acid  nitric acid i.e. H 2 SO 4  hydrogen & sulfate i.e. H 2 SO 4  hydrogen & sulfate  Sulfuric acid  Sulfuric acid

Examples Name the following compounds Name the following compounds 1. H 2 CO 3 2. HClO 4 3. H 2 Cr 2 O 7 4. CH 3 COOH or HC 2 H 3 O 2 Write the formula for the following compounds Write the formula for the following compounds 1. Chloric Acid 2. Oxalic Acid 3. Permanganic Acid

Naming Acids Scenario 3 – The anion ends with the suffix “ite” Scenario 3 – The anion ends with the suffix “ite” Change the suffix on the anion to “ous” Change the suffix on the anion to “ous” Add the word “acid” to the end Add the word “acid” to the end Note: no need for the “hydro” prefix Note: no need for the “hydro” prefix i.e. HNO 2  hydrogen & nitrite i.e. HNO 2  hydrogen & nitrite  nitrous acid  nitrous acid i.e. H 2 SO 3  hydrogen & sulfite i.e. H 2 SO 3  hydrogen & sulfite  sulfurous acid  sulfurous acid

Examples Name the following compounds Name the following compounds 1. H 2 SO 3 2. HNO 2 3. HClO 2 Write the formula for the following compounds Write the formula for the following compounds 1. Hypochlorous acid 2. Phosphourous acid

Writing Acid Formulas Use the prefix/suffix combinations to figure out the anion Use the prefix/suffix combinations to figure out the anion Balance the charges with a H+ cation (s) Balance the charges with a H+ cation (s) Write the formula Write the formula i.e. – permanganic acid i.e. – permanganic acid  permanganate anion  MnO 4 -  permanganate anion  MnO 4 -  HMnO 4  HMnO 4