Limiting Factors Integrated Science Guided Notes Powerpoint Slides Fill in the blanks as we discuss these notes during class

The size of a population is always changing Changes in a ________________ size are determined by immigration, births, emigration, and deaths. The size of a population is always changing Four factors affecting size immigration _________ ___________ deaths 2

Population growth is based on available ________ ________________growth is a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources. 3

____________________ is due to a population facing limited resources Logistic vs Exponential Growth Funny Bunnies 4

Carrying capacity is the _____________number of individuals in a population that the environment can support. 5

Predator Prey Relationship Mullet are local estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans and dolphins. The graph below shows how the number of mullet in an area has changed over time.    Based on the data, one student concludes that a new predator was introduced into the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population? A. mullet prey increased in the area B. mullet parasites decreased in the area C. the temperature of the area increased D. the amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased E. I don’t know The predators keep the prey population under control and the size of the population of prey _________ the amount of predators an ecosystem can support. 6

How does the predator-prey relationship affect a population? A. The predators and prey are in competition with each other. B. Usually either the predator or the prey will become extinct. C. The predator species usually has exponential growth. D. The relationship controls the population size of both species. E. I don’t know 7

Ecosystems Have Living and Nonliving Components Biotic Living (or once living) Interactions Competition Predator – prey Symbiosis Abiotic Water Air Nutrients Rocks Heat Solar energy pH 8

Major Biotic and Abiotic Components of an Ecosystem 9

Predation Predators Prey Use pursuit Ambush ____________ Chemical warfare (venom) Prey Swift movement Shell Camouflage _____________ 10 10

PREDATION 11

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Some ways prey species avoid their prey Span worm Wandering leaf insect Bombardier beetle Foul-tasting monarch butterfly Poison dart frog Viceroy butterfly mimics monarch butterfly When touched, the snake caterpillar changes shape to look like the head of a snake Hind wings of moth resemble eyes of a much larger animal Some ways prey species avoid their prey

Giant swallowtail butterfly larva (Papilio cresphontes). Hawkmoth caterpillar. 17

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