TEM-4 语法复习专题 从属分句 Subordinate Clause

从属分句 Subordinate Clause  状语从句 Adverbial Clause  定语从句 Attributive Clause  同位语从句 Appositive Clause  宾语从句 Objective Clause  主语从句 Subjective Clause  表语从句 Predicative Clause

状语从句 Adverbial Clause (of … )  让步状语从句 (concession)  条件状语从句 (condition)  时间状语从句 (time)  地点状语从句 (place)  原因状语从句 (cause)  结果状语从句 (result)  程度状语从句 (degree)  方式状语从句 (manner)  目的状语从句 (purpose)

让步状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Concession  1 ） though, although, even if/though 引 导  _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.  A) Although he is a socialist  B) Even if he is a socialist  C) Being a socialist  D) Since he is a socialist

 2 ） as 引导  Fool ___Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.  A. who B. as C. that D. like  作表语用的单数可数名词放句首，前面不加 冠词。  Child as he is, he knows a lot.  动词、现在分词放句首，谓语要补加助动词 do/does, will 等。  Fail as he did, he would never give up.

 Try as you may, you will never succeed.  as 从句的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装；如果 主语是名词时，可以倒装。  Difficult as was the work, they finished it in time.  Difficult as it was, they finished it in time.  Young as he is, he is experienced.

 3 ） while, whereas 引导，表示并列的转折。  ___I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.  A. As long as B. As  C. While D. Even

 4 ） No matter how / however 引导  No matter what = whatever  No matter where = ？  ___he always tries his best to complete it on time.  A. However the task is hard  B. However hard the task is  C. Though hard the task is  D. Though hard is the task  D. Though hard is the task

 You can’t come in, whoever you are.  Don’t believe him, no matter what he says.  Whether…or… =  no matter whether…or…  I am going whether it is raining or not.  “I hope I can find a good woman, no matter whether (if) she is handicapped or not,” he said.

 5) 其它引导短语： granted/granting that, admitting (that), in spite of /despite the fact that  Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn’t mean he’s going to do so.  He went out in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold.

条件状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Condition  引导词有： if, unless, provided/ providing (that), so/as long as, on condition that, suppose/ supposing (that), given that, in case that, in the event that.  This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated.  A. after B. if C. since D. unless

 Supposing/ suppose he can’t come, who will do the work?  She will go providing/ provided her friends can go also.  In the event that our team wins, there will be a celebration.  In case it rains, do not expect me.  Take a raining coat with you in case it should rain.

时间状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Time  引导词有： when, whenever, after, as, while, since, before, until, as soon as, now that, once, directly 等。  ____ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.  A) Hardly he had gone  B) No sooner had he gone  C) Not until he went  D) Scarcely did he go  Hardly /Scarcely… when 和 No sooner… than

 She comes to me whenever she feels lonely.  Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.  Now (that) you mention it, I do remember.  Directly he was out of sight of her, he wanted to see her.  I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.

 The minute/ moment/ day, the first/ second/last time, each/every/next time 都可引导时间状语从句。  The day he returned home, his father was already dead.

地点状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Place  where, wherever, anywhere 引导  I’ll take you anywhere you like.  Where there is a will, there is a way.  Put in articles where necessary in the following passages.

原因状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Cause  引导词有： because, as, since, for, on the ground that, in that, now that  I came to see you on the ground that Mr. Anderson said that you were interested in our project.  This is not a good plant for your garden in that its seeds are poisonous.  Now that you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.

结果状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Result  so that, such that, with the result that 引导  I was in the bath, with the result that I didn’t hear the telephone.  His anger was such that he lost control of himself.

程度状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Degree 引导词有： so that, such that, as/so far as, as long as, to the degree/ extent that, in so far as, etc. At that time politicians were not known to the degree they are today. I’ll help you in so far as I can.

方式状语从句 Adverbial Clause of Manner  引导词有： as, as if/though, the way, how  She did her work ___her manager had instructed.  A. as B. until C. when D. though  Do it the way you were taught.  Do it how you can.  He paused as if expecting her to speak.

 比较状语从句也是一种方式状语从句。  He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.  I have never seen so much rain as fell that February.  I can walk faster than you can run.  You are a little heavier than when I saw you last.

定语从句 Attributive Clause  which, that, who/whom 用法区别  先行词是不定代词时（ all, much, none, any, something, everything 等）， 只能用 that 引导。  That’s all (that) I can do.  先行词是 anyone, everyone, somebody 等 时， 关系代词多用 who 或 whom 。  Is there anyone here who can dance?

 先行词被形容词最高级及 first, last, only, very, no 等修饰时，关系代词用 that 。  He is the only person that I dislike in our class.  先行词包括人和物时，关系代词用 that 。  A victim is a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, etc.

 as 同 such, the same, as (so) 连用，引导限 定性定语从句。  Such people as wish to leave may do so now.  Where = in/ at/ on +which  This company has now introduced a policy ____ pay rises are related to performance at work.  A) which B) where  C) whether D) what

同位语从句 Appositive Clause  接同位语从句的词有： answer, belief, concept, decision, discovery, problem, promise, statement, probability 等。  同位语从句多由 that 引导，疑问代词 who, which, what 和疑问副词 where, when, how, why 也可以。  The news that he has won the game is exciting.  It is the question where we should have dinner.

宾语从句 Objective Clause  引导词有： that, what, which, where, how, why, whether, if, whatever, whichever, whoever 。  I’ll do whatever you want (me to).  “be+ 形容词 ” 后跟的从句  afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, etc.

 I am surprised ____ this city is a dull place to live in.  A) that you should think  B) by what you are thinking  C) that you would think  D) with what you were thinking

主语从句 Subjective Clause  That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.  Whoever comes is welcome.  It’s said that he had made a mistake.  How strange it is that the children are so quiet!

表语从句 Predicative Clause  用在 be 动词或连系动词后 (look, remain, sound 等 ) 。  The question is how he did it.  The trouble is that I have lost his address.  He looked just as he had looked ten years before.  Twelve is to three___ four is to one.  A) what B) as C) that D) like

Practice  Above the trees are the hills, _____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.  A) where B) of whose  C) whose D) which  He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.  A) which B) that C) who D) whom

 Intellect is to the mind ___sight is to the body.  A. what B. as C. that D. like  Barry had an advantage over his mother ___he could speak French.  A. since that B. in that  C. at that D. so that

 It is not so much the language ___ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.  A. but B. nor C. as D. like  He’s ___ as a “bellyacher” —— he’s always complaining about something.  A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known  A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known