Lecture 2 Teaching reading 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

We read what is on the page. What is reading? The identification of letters, words and sentences through visual perception. We read what is on the page. Reading is more than visual perception of the printed material. Two readers are reading the same material and they get two different meanings. Reading is a two-way movement: from the page to the reader’s mind and from the reader’s mind to the page. Reading is not limited to visual perception. It means getting the message from a printed material. Reading is a guessing game 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching Reading Teaching reading is treated on three levels. Letter reading Word reading Text reading 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching letter reading When teaching letter reading the teacher deals with three things The shape of the letter The name of the letter The sound of the letter 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching the sound of the letter T. says the sound of the letter three times T. holds a card of the letter or writes it on the board and says it again Students repeat after the teacher in chorus, in groups and individually. T. shows students a group of cards for different letters and students need to identify the presented letter. 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching the name of the letter Teacher says the name of the letter three times Teacher holds a card of the letter and says the name again Students repeat the name of the letter after the teacher in chorus, in groups and individually. Teacher shows students cards for different letters and says the name of the letter and students need to select the card with the presented letter. Teacher gives students a card with the presented letter and asks students to say the name. 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching word reading Steps for teaching word reading Teacher holds a word card and says the word three times, moving his finger over the letters. Students listen to his model reading. Teacher reads the word again and students read after the teacher in chorus, in groups and individually. Teacher gives practice for word reading using any of the following activities Look and say shirt Look and do she is writing Look and match word cards with picture cards Find the stranger 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching text reading 1- Model loud Reading by the teacher For teaching text reading, there are four different techniques. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. Teacher is advised to use an eclectic approach. A combination of all the four, making the best of each. 1- Model loud Reading by the teacher Teacher reads the text aloud phrase by phrase and sentence by sentence at a normal speed. Students follow in their books. Teacher can use a tape produced by a native speaker. Advantages Accurate pronunciation model Teacher controls the activity. 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching text reading cont. Disadvantages It focuses on pronunciation not on comprehension. All students are required to go through the text with the same speed that is the teacher’s speed. There are rapid readers as well as slow readers. 2- Silent reading by students Students read silently and answer some pre-reading questions. They are asked to read again to answer some post-reading questions Advantages -The focus is on comprehension not on pronunciation 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching text reading cont. Disadvantages -In silent reading students are not provided with a pronunciation model Students may waste their class time doing any thing else. 3- Loud reading by students Each student reads two or three sentences or a paragraph. Teacher corrects students’ errors and offers help when students stutter on a word. 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching text reading cont. -Advantages -Teacher identifies students’ errors and offers help -Disadvantages It focuses on pronunciation not on comprehension. It teaches speaking rather than reading. If teacher selects good students to read, inefficient readers will continue to be inefficient. On the other hand, if teacher selects weak students to read, they will demonstrate bad model to the class and will waste much time correcting errors. . 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching text reading cont. 4- Choral reading by students Teacher reads the text aloud phrase by phrase or sentence by sentence till the end of the text while students read after her in chorus. Teacher sustains the rhythm and the speed by giving starting and finishing signals -Advantages - This technique helps shy students to participate in reading. It gives a condensed practice in pronunciation. It gives students the opportunity to train their organs of speech to produce the foreign language. It saves a lot of class time that is spent in loud reading by individual students. This techniques gives beginning readers self- confidence. 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Teaching text reading cont. -Disadvantages -It causes a lot of noise - students’ individual errors are not identified. Students may say anything but not the correct form 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Procedures for teaching text reading 1- In two or three sentences, teacher gives an introduction to the content of the reading text. Students’ books are closed. 2- While students’ books are still closed, Teacher presents the new vocabulary and structures included in the reading text. 3- Teacher writes two or three pre-reading questions on the board- wallchart- handouts. Sometimes the pre-reading questions are included in students books. The pre-reading questions should require understanding the general meaning of the text. 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Procedures for teaching text reading cont. 4-Students read the text using any of the previous techniques 5-Students attempt the pre-reading questions 6Teacher gives the post-reading questions. They are more detailed and specific. 7- Teacher gives follow up activities. These activities can be either oral or written. 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Extensive and intensive reading To get maximum benefit from their reading, students need to be involved in both extensive and intensive reading In extensive reading, the teacher encourages students to choose for themselves what they read and to do so for pleasure and general language improvement. One of the important conditions of a successful extensive reading program is that students should be reading material which they can understand. Material should be readily accessible to our students READABLE TEXTS. To set up an extensive reading program, we need to build up a library of suitable books 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz

Extensive and intensive reading cont. In intensive reading, the material is chosen and designed to develop specific skills. There are different roles that teachers need to adopt when asking students to read intensively. 1 - Organiser--------we need to tell students exactly what their reading purpose is. 2 - Observer-------while students are reading we need to observe them 3- Feedback organizer------ when students have completed the reading task, we need to give them feedback-------be supportive when giving the feedback. The end Dr Hanaa Elbaz 4/15/2017 Dr.Hanaa El-Baz