Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3 to explore the connection between software architectures, technologies, organisational structures and development methods to develop a framework for the contingent selection or construction of an appropriate development approach to explore the nature of reuse of artefacts and design patterns in development to explore alternative perspectives on the nature of design

/ to explore alternative perspectives on the nature of design J “perspectives” - you as the developer you as a software user what your user expects what your client expects J the evolutionary nature of design - “the social nature of design and perspective” Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3

Seely Brown, J. & Duguid, P. Keeping it Simple Liddle, D. The Design of the Conceptual Model the source of this lecture comes from two chapters in Winograd (Bringing Design to Software) Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3 Previous slide shows: EXCEL What do you see? Why do you think this is what it is? What can you do with it? How does it work? How does it really work? What it is really?

Genre is an important concept in software design Design evolves and innovates The future of design lies in allowing increasing amounts to be under represented The ideas behind Seely Brown & Duguid’s article are: Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3

The Harris Report on the Future of Higher Education in England and Wales Information Systems Development: Methodologies, Techniques and Tools (2nd Ed) by D. Avison and G. Fitzgerald Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott Genre in books... 3 books of completely different sorts: PHYSICAL WORLD of Books

The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying by Sogyal Rinpoche Information Systems Development: Methodologies, Techniques and Tools (2nd Ed) by D. Avison and G. Fitzgerald Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott Genre: opening lines in books... 3 books of completely different sorts:

My own first experience of death came when I was about seven. We were preparing to leave the eastern highlands to travel to central T… Samten, one of the personal attendants to my master, was a wonderful monk who was kind to me during my childhood. He had a bright, round, chubby face, always ready to break into a smile. He was everyone’s favourite in the monastery because he was so good-natured. In this chapter, we introduce the nature of … and illustrate this with examples and types of … The following two sections stress the human and organisation aspects to counteract the stress placed on the technology which is a feature of many texts on... In that pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys which lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster.

The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying by Sogyal Rinpoche My own first experience of death came when I was about seven. We were preparing to leave the eastern highlands to travel to central T… Samten, one of the personal attendants to my master, was a wonderful monk who was kind to me during my childhood. He had a bright, round, chubby face, always ready to break into a smile. He was everyone’s favourite in the monastery because he was so good-natured. In this chapter, we introduce the nature of … and illustrate this with examples and types of … The following two sections stress the human and organisation aspects to counteract the stress placed on the technology which is a feature of many texts on... Information Systems Development: Methodologies, Techniques and Tools (2nd Ed) by D. Avison and G. Fitzgerald Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott In that pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys which lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster. Genre: opening lines in books...

The Wishing-Chair Again by Enid Blyton Virgin Soil Upturned by Mikhail Sholokhov Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott The Siege of Krishnapur by J.G. Farrell The Bird Artist by Howard Norman One Genre: the novel 5 completely different types of novel:

1. Mollie and Peter had just arrived home for the holidays. Their schools had broken up the same day, which was very lucky, and Mother had met them at the station. 2. “It was us who set it on its feet during the war, it was us who supported it with our shoulders, so that it didn’t break down. We know what a collective farm is, and we’re all for it. Give us machines!” He stretched out a fist the size of a turnip. “A tractor’s fine, we know, but you workers have only made a few of them. And that’s what we swear at you for.” 3. He then took his aim with some deliberation, and the multitude awaited the event in breathless silence. The archer vindicated their opinion of his skill - his arrow split the willow rod against which it was aimed. A jubilee of acclamations followed; and even Prince John, in admiration of Locksley’s skill, lost an instant dislike to his person. 4. He had found one of the sepoy ammunition stores, had quickly scattered a train of powder to it, and was now attempting to fire it. At last, he succeeded, swung himself into the saddle and was away. His horse cleared the sepoy rampart and sped like an arrow after his men across the open ground. Suddenly they saw him hit. He slid out of the saddle and bounced in the dust. 5. Isaac Sprague nodded. He looked as if he had not slept all night. “We had a Siberian plover in the harbor in Halifax this summer,” he said. “How remarkable, to be carried so far off course, and where could it have thought it was going? And how did it manage to cross the Atlantic? Let alone the mass of Russia. No one but God can answer this.

The Wishing-Chair Again by Enid Blyton “It was us who set it on its feet during the war, it was us who supported it with our shoulders, so that it didn’t break down. We know what a collective farm is, and we’re all for it. Give us machines!” He stretched out a fist the size of turnip. “A tractor’s fine, we know, but you workers have only made a few of them. And that’s what we swear at you for.” Virgin Soil Upturned by Mikhail Sholokhov Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott He then took his aim with some deliberation, and the multitude awaited the even in breathless silence. The archer vindicated their opinion of his skill - his arrow split the willow rod against which is was aimed. A jubilee of acclamations followed; and even Prince John, in admiration of Locksley’s skill, lost an instant dislike to his person. The Siege of Krishnapur by J.G. Farrell He had found one of the sepoy ammunition stores, had quickly scattered a train of powder to it, and was now attempting to fire it. At last, he succeeded, swung himself into the saddle and was away. His horse cleared the sepoy rampart and sped like an arrow after his men across the open ground. Suddenly they saw him hit. He slid out of the saddle and bounced in the dust. The Bird Artist by Howard Norman Isaac Sprague nodded. He looked as if he had not slept all night. “We had a Siberian plover in the harbor in Halifax this summer,” he said. “How remarkable, to be carried so far off course, and where could it have thought it was going? And how did it manage to cross the Atlantic? Let alone the mass of Russia. No one but God can answer this. Mollie and Peter had just arrived home for the holidays. Their schools had broken up the same day, which was very lucky, and Mother had met them at the station.

Removing some of the PHYSICAL WORLD Financial Times The Guardian Clifton College Colliquy New Scientist

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Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3 Content - can be minimal Context - a specific business sector; type of trade identified, trading philosophy too, possibly Stimulates comparison, draws on other businesses information and trademarks

Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3 Seely Brown & Duguid’s ideas: Keeping it Simple In any form of communication, genres engage socially shared knowledge The more that a level of shared expectations can be assumed, the less needs to be said explicitly about how the information should be read Conversely, the less that is shared, the more needs to be said, and the harder communication becomes

Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3 Design needs to cross boundaries, rather than always respecting them - design MUST evolve In breaking through the old, we open new frontiers Crossing boundaries is not always beneficial HOWEVER: Seely Brown & Duguid’s ideas: Keeping it Simple

Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3 The future of IT design lies not in developing means of increasingly full representation, but in allowing increasing amounts to be under represented - by helping people to leave more unsaid Seely Brown & Duguid’s ideas: Keeping it Simple

Information Systems Development 3 UQI107S3 not in refining abstractions, but by making use of their inevitable impurity not by making more things explicit, but by leaving as much as possible implicit, and in the process keeping things simple Seely Brown & Duguid’s ideas: Keeping it Simple