U.S. Commercial Space Presented to Association of Space Explorers by Jim Voss

Why Commercial Space? It is US National Space Exploration Policy It is US National Space Exploration Policy – –Vision for Space Exploration, Jan 2004: The United States will Promote… commercial participation in exploration… to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests. – –NASA Authorization Act of 2005: The Administrator... shall develop a commercialization plan to support the human missions to the Moon and Mars, to support low- Earth orbit activities… There are commercial markets, so money to be made

Multiple Existing Markets NASA cargo and crew to the International Space Station U.S. national security needs Personal spaceflight Industrial-Corporate applications

ISS Cargo Supply Strategy NASA is developing an ISS Cargo Supply Strategy that uses a mixed fleet (ATV, HTV, Progresses and US domestic cargo service providers). Strategy requires purchase of domestic delivery services as soon as available. Purchase of Russian cargo delivery services will bridge the gap between Shuttle and the new US domestic cargo service providers. NASA has initiated planning for commercial cargo services procurement NASA stated up-mass requirement for ISS lifetime re-supply by US domestic commercial services is approximately 80 metric tons

5 ISS Cargo Requirements lISS continually assesses cargo upmass requirements lCurrent assessment of upmass shortfall beyond baseline Shuttle, ATV, HTV, Progress capabilities to be met by US commercial services:

The Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office established to: –Implement U.S. Space Exploration policy with investments to stimulate the commercial space industry –Facilitate U.S. private industry demonstration of cargo and crew space transportation capabilities –Create a market environment in which commercial space transportation services are available to Government and private sector customers Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS)

COTS Implementation $500M budgeted for the demonstration of commercial orbital transportation capabilities $500M budgeted for the demonstration of commercial orbital transportation capabilities Technical Development/Demonstration competition in 2006 Technical Development/Demonstration competition in 2006 –includes an option for crew transportation demonstrations Planning initiated within NASA for procurement of ISS commercial cargo services by 2010 Planning initiated within NASA for procurement of ISS commercial cargo services by 2010

COTS Participants Received 21 proposals from 20 companies across the full spectrum of industry Received 21 proposals from 20 companies across the full spectrum of industry Down selected to 6 finalists – 2 selected Down selected to 6 finalists – 2 selected for funding –Andrews Space –SpaceDev –SPACEHAB –Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space) –Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) - Funded –Rocketplane Kistler (RpK) - Funded

Other Partnerships Non-funded Space Act Agreements provide NASA technical assistance to five companies : – –Constellation Services International (CSI) – –PlanetSpace – –SpaceDev – –SPACEHAB – –Transformational Space Corp (t/Space)

10 COTS Flight Demonstrations Cargo Demo Flight 3 to ISS (Sep) Cargo Demo Flight 2 (Jun) Cargo Demo Flight 1 (Sep) Pre Demo Flight 1 Risk Reduction Flight (Nov) Cargo Demo Flight 1 to ISS (Jan) Cargo Demo Flight 2 to ISS (Mar) Crew Demo Flight 1 (Jun) Funded Milestone Optional Milestone Crew Demo Flight 2 (Dec) Crew Demo Flight 3 (Apr) Crew Demo Flight (Aug)

11 Description: lFalcon 9 Launch Vehicle lDragon Crew/Cargo Spacecraft Proposed Features: lFlexible crew and cargo configurations lRecoverable launch vehicle and spacecraft lISS cargo delivery & return demonstration planned for completion by September 2009 lNASA Investment: $278 M SpaceX Concept

12 SpaceX Milestone Highlights lFY06 uProgram Management Plan/Kickoff  Completed lFY07 uSystem Requirements Reviews  Completed uPreliminary Design Review  Completed uFinancing Round  Completed uCritical Design Review lFY08 uFinancing Round uSystem/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews uOrbital Test Flight 1 lFY09 uDelta System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews uOrbital Test Flight 2 uOrbital Demonstration Mission to ISS

13 Description: lK-1 Launch Vehicle lOrbital Vehicle lPressurized/Unpressurized Cargo/Crew Modules Proposed Features: lReusable launch and orbital vehicles that return to launch site lModular crew and cargo configurations lDemonstration planned for completion by March 2009 lNASA Investment $207 M Rocketplane Kistler Concept

14 RpK Milestone Highlights lFY06 uProgram Management Plan/Kickoff  Completed uFinancing Round  Completed lFY07 uSystem Requirements Review  Completed uFinancing Round - Failed uCritical Design Reviews lFY08 uEngine Test Firing uSystem/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews uLaunch Vehicle Complete/Ship uCertification of Flight Readiness lFY09 uRisk Reduction Orbital Test Flight uOrbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (internal/pressurized) uOrbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (external/unpressurized)

15 CSI Concept lCSI cargo canister launched to orbit by variety of launch vehicles lRussian Progress vehicle acts as tug to retrieve cargo canister and dock with ISS

16 PlanetSpace Concept ELV rocket based on legacy V-2 engines USAF FDL-7 based lifting body spacecraft

17 SpaceDev Concept uReusable - Piloted Lifting Body uDerived from NASA HL-20 uLow Re-Entry Deceleration Loads (< 1.5 g) uLarge Cross Range (1600 km) uConventional runway landing uExceptional Crew Safety: (Non-explosive space vehicle propulsion) uOnboard hybrid propulsion & high lift provide flexible abort options HL Titan III HL Titan III Orbital Hybrid Booster Atlas V Booster Ares Booster + Hybrid

18 SPACEHAB Concept lARCTUS Evolved Transfer Vehicle assembled from existing flight certified components (Centaur Upper Stage) lCompatible with existing launch vehicles

19 t/Space Concept lAir launched booster uses vapor pressurization lPiloted capsule lExceptional crew safety via air launch and Discoverer/Corona capsule lSeparately launched cargo module lVery low cost solution

Future US Commercial spaceflight continues to develop US Commercial spaceflight continues to develop NASA will solicit replacement for Rpk NASA will solicit replacement for Rpk Suborbital tourism providers are viable Suborbital tourism providers are viable There is a market for high cost cargo There is a market for high cost cargo –NASA will solicit for commercial services to ISS –Existing and developing launch systems support this There is a market for low cost cargo There is a market for low cost cargo –Existing launch systems do not support this –Technology improvements required