University as Entrepreneur A POPULATION IN THIRDS Arizona and National Data

University as Entrepreneur What can Arizona learn by looking closely at its population? What are key differences that exist between various income levels? In the growing knowledge economy, how can Arizona ensure its future success when there are populations being left behind across multiple indicators? How can identification of key indicators be leveraged to address inequities that exist in Arizona? 2 A Population in Thirds

University as Entrepreneur Methodology 3 The data presented is drawn from the 2007 U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS is a condensed version of the decennial U.S. Census survey and is representative of the entire Arizona population. Using the ACS data, the state’s population has been divided into equal thirds, based upon annual household income. In order to understand who comprises each income group, a number of demographic “indicators” were compared with annual household income. This presentation highlights key points and trends from this comparison.

University as Entrepreneur Methodology 4 Indicators Annual Household Income Educational Attainment Gender Race/Ethnicity Citizenship Unemployment Average Hours Worked Per Week Average Commute Time to Work Poverty Level Average Age U.S. Nativity Difficulty Working due to Health Related Condition Note: Percentages in some of the following charts may not add up to 100, due to rounding

University as Entrepreneur Arizona: A General Scan 5

University as Entrepreneur 6 Arizona: A General Scan What does Arizona’s population look like if we divide it evenly in thirds and then look at a number of indicators? What pictures emerge? By using annual household income to evenly divide Arizona’s population, several key indicators emerge as being related to economic mobility. Understanding the impact of these indicators is the initial step in addressing economic inequality and providing a greater number of Arizonans with opportunity for upward economic mobility.

University as Entrepreneur 7 Arizona: The picture that emerges A Transient Population The percentage of the population living in their current households for 5 years or less is significantly greater in Arizona, as compared to the national average. Country of Birth and Citizenship Matters Almost half of all foreign born individuals and non U.S. citizens who reside in Arizona are in the Lower income group. Arizona Lags Behind the Nation Individuals who are non U.S. citizens or who were born in another county are less likely to be in the Upper income group in Arizona than they are in other states. Disproportionate Opportunity The majority of all Arizona Bachelor’s degrees are held by White Arizonans Education Makes a Difference As education attainment level increases, so too does income. Over half of all Arizonans who have a Bachelor’s degree reside in Upper income households.

University as Entrepreneur 8 Arizona: Citizenship, Language Arizonans who are foreign born, non U.S. citizens, or who speak a second language at home are less likely to be in the Upper income group.

University as Entrepreneur 9 Arizona: Race and Ethnicity As income level rises, the only racial/ethnic groups whose presence steadily increase are the White and Asian populations.

University as Entrepreneur 10 Arizona: Age As compared to the younger population, older Arizonans are slightly more likely to be in the Lower income group.

University as Entrepreneur 11 Arizona: Gender Both the male and female populations in Arizona are relatively evenly distributed across all three income groups. However, females are slightly more likely to be in the Lower income group while males are slightly more likely to be in the Upper income group.

University as Entrepreneur 12 Arizona: Poverty * Family households consist of a householder and one or more people living in the household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. ** The U.S. Census Bureau lists the 2007 average poverty level for a family of four as $21,203. Arizona has a slightly higher percentage of families in poverty, as compared to the national average of 11.2%.

University as Entrepreneur 13 Arizona: Education and Work Related Factors Those who have a high school diploma or less, difficulty working due to a health related condition, or are unemployed are more likely to be in the Lower income group.

University as Entrepreneur 14 Arizona: Education and Work Related Factors Those who have at least a Bachelor’s degree, work 40 or more hours per week, or have over an hour of travel time to work are more likely to be in the Upper income group.

University as Entrepreneur Non U.S. CitizensForeign BornHispanic 15 Arizona’s Population and The Nation Arizona and National Data Compared Across Key Indicators As compared to the nation, Arizona has a greater proportion of non U.S. citizens, foreign born, and Hispanic individuals in the Lower income group.

University as Entrepreneur 16 Arizona Households The ACS survey captures both individual and household level data. The previous indicators were representative of individual characteristics within the Arizona population. The following slides use household level indicators to highlight key points and trends within Arizona households. ACS household indicators include: Family Type Primary Spoken Language Mobility Home Ownership Because the number of individuals in each household differs, applying the same method of dividing the population into thirds—that was used to present individual characteristics— would be misleading if used with household level data. As a result, the following slides present Arizona household level data in a slightly different format than the previous section.

University as Entrepreneur Children in Upper income households are twice as likely to be in a two parent household than children in Lower income households. The Lower income group is the only group where Single Mother led households outnumber two parent households. Family Type and Children All Households in Arizona 17 Arizona Households

University as Entrepreneur Spanish as Primary Language Spoken at Home All Households in Arizona Across all income groups there is a greater proportion of Spanish speaking households in Arizona as compared to the nation. The Lower income group contains the largest difference—11.1% more Lower income households in Arizona report Spanish as the primary language spoken. 18 Arizona Households Lower Income

University as Entrepreneur All Households in Arizona 19 Arizona Households Mobility: Time at Current Residence Upper Income Across all income groups, the percentage of the population living in their current households for 10 years or more is significantly less in Arizona, as compared to the national average.

University as Entrepreneur 20 Home Ownership All Households in Arizona Arizona Households In Arizona, more residences are owned than rented across all three income groups. Although the Lower income group has the smallest proportion of households that are owned, it has the highest proportion of residences that are owned free and clear (without a mortgage).

University as Entrepreneur EDUCATION DETAIL Arizona 21

University as Entrepreneur 22 As education attainment level rises, so too does the likelihood of increasing household income and the chance for positive economic mobility. Arizona: Education Detail

University as Entrepreneur 23 4 out of every 5 Bachelor’s degrees in Arizona are held by those who are White. Hispanics, who make up about a third of the entire Arizona population, account for only 8.9% of all Bachelor’s degrees attained. Arizona: Education Detail

University as Entrepreneur 24 A large proportion of Arizona’s Asian population within each income group have Bachelor’s degrees. Unfortunately, the disparity between racial/ethnic groups remains relatively the same at each income level. Arizona: Education Detail

University as Entrepreneur 25 For White and Asian Arizonans who have less than a Bachelor’s degree, the likelihood of being in the Upper income group is nearly the same as being in either the Middle or Lower groups. American Indian and Black/African American Arizonans are far more likely to be in the Lower income group. Arizona: Education Detail

University as Entrepreneur Unemployment and Education Ages 16 and Older and in the Labor Force 26 Nearly 9 out of every 10 unemployed Arizonan has less than a Bachelor’s degree. Of those unemployed with less than a Bachelor’s degree, nearly half are in the Lower income group. Arizona: Education Detail

University as Entrepreneur Non U.S. Citizens and Education Ages 25 and Older A large portion of non U.S. citizens in Arizona are in the Lower income group. Across all income groups, non U.S. citizens in Arizona have a low rate of Bachelor’s degree attainment. 27 Arizona: Education Detail

University as Entrepreneur Gender, Ethnicity and Education Ages 25 and Older 28 Even with equal educational attainment, males are less likely to be in the Lower income group than females. This trend is evident to the same degree within Arizona’s Hispanic population as well. Arizona: Education Detail

University as Entrepreneur Second Languages and Education Ages 25 and Older 29 For those who have less than a Bachelor’s degree and come from households where English is the primary language spoken, there is a relatively equal chance of being in any income group. This is not the case for those who speak a language other than English in their household: they are most likely to be in the Lower income group. For both groups, having a Bachelor’s degree increases the likelihood of being in the Upper income group. Arizona: Education Detail

University as Entrepreneur Education and Health 30 Nearly 6 out of every 7 individuals who reported having a physical, mental, or emotional condition limiting basic physical activities have less than a Bachelor’s degree. Of those with less than a Bachelor’s degree who suffer from a health condition, more than half are in the Lower income group. Arizona: Education Detail