CABI SPS Capacity Building in Latin America and Asia for Exporting Cocoa Yaoundé, Cameroon 7-10 Jun 2011

Agenda ● About CABI as PEA for Latin America and Asia phase ● Project Background ● Aims, objectives and approach adopted ● A bit about the countries ● SPS activities in Caribbean and Asia ● Gap analysis (ICCO survey completed by T&T - CCIB) ● Proposed solutions and activities ● Quality Management System for Cocoa Value Chain

What is CABI? CABI is a not for profit organization providing scientific expertise, knowledge and information. KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE

At a glance ● CABI specialises in agriculture and the environment ● Activities include: scientific publishing, research, consultancy, training and communication ● 100 years old, established in 1910 by UN treaty ● Owned by 45 member countries ● Over 350 staff based in 13 countries

CABI has three areas of operation PublishingScientific Projects & ConsultancyMicrobial Services Our scientific work focuses on three key areas: CommoditiesKnowledge for DevelopmentInvasive Species

Our people CABI staff locations: ●UK Centres (Wallingford, Ascot, Egham) ●South Asia Regional Centre (Pakistan) ●Africa Regional Centre (Kenya) ●Switzerland Centre ●South East Asia Regional Centre (Malaysia) ●Caribbean & Latin America Regional Centre (Trinidad) ●Brazil Office ●China Office ●India Office ●Costa Rica Office ●Netherlands Office ●USA Office ●Australia Office

Project Background Consumer concerns on food safety and threat of contaminants to human health Pesticides, fungicides, herbicides – Toxic Ochratoxin A (OTA) & mycotoxins – Damages DNA (mutagen) FFA ( Free/trans Fatty Acid) – Diabetes PAHs ( Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) – Carcinogens Heavy metals  Cadmium (Cd) – Highly toxic and Carcinogenic  Lead (Pb) – Carcinogen can cause miscarriages and infertility in males  Mercury (Hg) – Damages nervous system  Cr(VI) (hexavalent chromium ) – Toxin and Carcinogen

Project Aims and objectives To maintain market access for cocoa beans from Latin America and Asia through capacity building in SPS ● To raise farmer awareness on SPS standards of international cocoa market ● To enhance cocoa farmers capacity to apply GAP from pre- to post-harvest procedures to meet SPS stds ● To enhance institutional capacity in-country to monitor and enforce adherence to SPS stds in cocoa Specific objectives: Overall objective:

ICCO member Countries and Fine Flavour Rating: Brazil, Dominican Republic-40%P, Ecuador-75%P, Venezuela-95%P, Papua New Guinea-90%P, Trinidad and Tobago-100%E, Malaysia, Indonesia-1%P

Approach: Consultations with stakeholders to define SPS activity and needs in Latin America & Asia Trinidad and Tobago ● Mapping of Cd soils ● Training in Cd testing ● Soil amelioration or selective sequestration (anthuriums) ● Cd low/free fertilizers, biofertilizers/rhizobacteria ● Use Cd beans for butterfat ● Farm certification/traceability ● ISO Certified lab for OTA and Cd Indonesia ● In 2009, established SNI on Cocoa Powder and Beans with WTO

T&T gap analysis (ICCO survey sent Oct completed by CCIB) ● Need to improve regulation of agrochemicals 1. Find alternative method to reduce contamination caused by diesel fuel driers 2. Implement a HACCP system to improve SPS controls including training of personnel 3. Implement a total quality management system (QMS) throughout the cocoa value chain

Problem: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) – byproducts of burning fuels (fossil or biomass) Solution: Solar drying – UTT model for fermentaries ~ US$100,000 Diesel Dryer 1. Alternatives to Diesel driers Simple Solar Dryer

2. Implement HACCP system Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point -HACCP: ● Internationally accepted system used to ensure safe procedures and products in food production. ● Set of 7 proactive and preventative standards for identification and control of safety hazards which must be implemented for certification. 1. Hazard Analysis4. Monitoring Procedures 2. Critical Control Points5. Corrective Actions 3. Critical Limits6. Verification 7. RECORD KEEPING

2. Implement HACCP system Cont’d VERIFCATION & CERTIFICATION by CARIRI ● Developing testing & certification capacity at CARIRI. Have equipment and HR for testing – need training with cocoa  pesticides and herbicides residues (MRLs) (since 2007 capacity for organophosphate and organochloride testing; Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), 2 GCs and 1 GC-MS (gold std for FFA and some pesticides)  Ochratoxin A (ELISA not done in T&T yet- insufficient demand)  Heavy Metals (Cadmium) - RoHS compliance ( Restriction of 4 Hazardous Substances ) - test by GC-MS  Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) – test by GC-MS  Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (17 PAHs) – by GPC

2. Implement HACCP system Cont’d VERIFCATION & CERTIFICATION by CARIRI  Timely testing of samples and Delivery of results  Issue COA- Certifies compliance to Residue Levels in sample  Cost per sample ~US$1,200 (to be paid by importer)  Pesticide testing – US$500  Heavy metal – US$50  FFA – US$100  PAH – US$500  Idle capacity – testing services to other ICCO member countries (DR, Venezuela and Ecuador) risk mitigation

2. Implement HACCP system Cont’d Who needs to be trained – Website and workshops Outputs: Manuals & Videos produced  Cocoa farmers in Quality Management System (QMS) for pre- and post-harvest to adhere to HACCP standards  Fermentary operators in QMS for fermenting and drying beans to HACCP stds  Shippers and Cargo consolidators to handle cocoa beans as food to HACCP stds. Possible registration with CCIB requirement.

3. Quality Management System (QMS) for Cocoa Value Chain in T&T QMS is systematic approach to business and production processes with an emphasis on customer and quality outcome ● Customer – Cocoa importing countries (meet regulations) ● Quality – HACCP Certification ● Business – Cocoa production

3. Quality Management System (QMS) for Cocoa Value Chain in T&T The Cocoa Value Chain in T&T  GAP/modifications in Production (use of biofertilizers, right pesticides and herbicides/shade) – from land prep to pod harvest  Systems approach to Harvesting and processing pods  Systems approach to Fermenting and drying  Good Warehouse Practices (GWP) for dry bean storage (HACCP)  GWP for shipping of beans (HACCP)

3. Quality Management System (QMS) for Cocoa Value Chain in T&T The Cocoa Value Chain in T&T  GAP in Pre-harvest (use of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides)  Meet RoHS (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr (Vi)) standards  Approved list issued by CCIB  Increase bean production on farm from 200 to 600 kg/acre.  Appropriate irrigation  Appropriate drainage to reduce Cd deposition in fields

Fermenting by time requirement: 5 or 7 days 3. QMS for Cocoa Value Chain in T&T The Cocoa Value Chain in T&T  Systems approach to Post-Harvest processes for quality  Farm registry for traceability  Harvest only healthy pods at maturity  Grading and cleaning of beans before fermentation  Trained labour gangs to help farmers harvest and get beans to fermentary same day. Labour and age of farmers are major constraints

Mechanize movement of beans thru fermentary operations 3. QMS for Cocoa Value Chain in T&T The Cocoa Value Chain in T&T  Systems approach to Fermenting and drying  Some mechanization for handling beans  Flow process from receiving beans, fermenting thru to moving beans to dryers to HACCP stds

Fermenting by time requirement: 5 or 7 days 3. QMS for Cocoa Value Chain in T&T The Cocoa Value Chain in T&T  Systems approach to Fermenting and drying  Standardize fermenting conditions  Standardize Drying conditions in appropriate dryers  Value added - Make blends to suit customer

3. Quality Management System (QMS) for Cocoa Value Chain in T&T Good Warehouse Practices  Temperature controlled storage  20 or 40 shipping foot containers fitted with AC unit to reduce infestation and mold growth  Powered by low cost (US$500) solar or wind generators  Shipped by certified cargo handlers

Result is a QMS backed by a certified lab that can be adapted or modified by all producing countries to meet contaminant and quality requirements