Standard 19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government.

A

A. Philip Randolph He fought for civil rights during the 1930’s and 1940’s. He proposed a march on Washington D.C. to protest the discrimination that was occurring in the US. FDR issued Executive Order 8802 to prevent the march and help African Americans. –The order assured fair hiring practices for any job that was funded with government money. –It also created the Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce the order.

B

Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Japanese planes bombed and strafed the fleet and airfields nearby. In less than 2 hours, 2,400 Americans had been killed and nearly 1200 wounded. Nearly 300 warplanes were damaged or destroyed and 18 warships had been sunk or heavily damaged. Pearl Harbor is the reason the US enters World War II.

Internment Camps These were created to imprison Japanese- Americans during the war. –The Japanese-Americans were held in the camps for the entirety of the war. –Racism was the main reason for their continued imprisonment. German-Americans and Italian-Americans were held in camps at the beginning of the war. –They were released later during the war and these two groups were no longer imprisoned.

C

American Involvement Grows Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March It allowed the President to give aid to any country that we felt was vital to the security of America. –Those countries are Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Battle of Midway This was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. The US had decoded the Japanese plans and was ready for the attack. The US effectively destroyed Japan’s power and ability to further threaten the Pacific. –Japan was forced to go on the defensive.

Preparation for the D-Day Invasion The allies began to build up troops in southern England. In response, the Germans built up their defenses along the French coastline. The Germans added machine-gun bunkers, barbed wire fences, land and water mines, and underwater obstructions.

Operation Overlord (D-Day) June 6, st – American and British paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines at night. 2 nd – Allied warships and planes shelled the coast. 3 rd – 150,000 Allied troops came a shore along 60 miles of Normandy coast.

The Fall of Berlin The Soviet Union approached the German capital from the East as the Allies came from the West The fall of Berlin was a significant symbol for the end of the war and victory over the Nazis The city was controlled by all four major allies, and eventually was divided into zones of control that became East and West Berlin

D

Rationing and Conservation During World War II, all Americans were asked to reduce the amount of food, fuel, metal, and rubber that they used. –Rationing meant that you were only given a set amount of a particular item. –Conservation called for people to reduce their consumption on their own.

Women in the Armed Forces 275,000 women volunteered for military service. Women were used in all areas except combat. Women began to develop a want to work outside the household and led to many women joining the workforce after the war

E

Los Alamos The Manhattan Project was created to invent the first atomic bomb. Enrico Fermi and Albert Einstein worked together on the project. On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated. It created a huge crater and shattered windows 125 miles away.

Japan Surrenders The US dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, The 2 nd was dropped on Nagasaki three days later. August 14, 1945, Japan surrenders.

Unit 4 Book Questions Pg. 654: 1-9 Pg. 698: 1-10 Pg. 728: 1-8 Pg. 766: 1-9 Pg. 798: 1-8 Pg. 842: 2-4, 8, 9, and 11 Pg. 878: 1-9 Pg. 1014: 1-9