Chapter 12 Section 1 (22 Slides) 1

The Sui Dynasty 581 – 618 A.D. founded by General Wendi POSITIVE: Wendi won many battles Wendi reunited China 2

The Sui Dynasty Yangdi Wendi Died Wendi’s son took the throne POSITIVE: rebuilt the Great Wall built the Grand Canal united & strengthened China’s economy 3

The Sui Dynasty Yangdi NEGATIVE: building projects forced farmers to work on the Great Wall & Grand Canal people had to pay high taxes for projects farmers revolted army takes control & kills Yangdi Sui Dynasty ends in 618 A.D. 4

The Tang Dynasty 618 – 907 A.D. one of Yangdi’s generals took control Changan = Capital City rulers tried different reforms to improve China’s government reform – change intended to bring improvements used Civil Service Exams 5

The Tang Dynasty Emperor Taizong Tang’s most powerful emperor restored Civil Service Exam POSITIVE: gave land to farmers 6

The Tang Dynasty Empress Wu only woman to lead China on her own POSITIVE: added officials to China’s government strengthened China’s military forces 7

The Tang Dynasty POSITIVE: regained much power in Asia expanded its territory controlled Tibet controlled Silk Road controlled northern Vietnam received Tribute from Korea powerful Economy at first allowed Buddhism 8

The Tang Dynasty NEGATIVE: later destroyed many Buddhist monasteries & temples (change to mostly Confucianism) nomadic Turks took over Silk Road greatly damaged China’s economy Tibet Revolts farmers Revolt disorder Ends the Tang in 907 A.D. 9

The Song Dynasty 960 – 1279 general declares himself emperor & sets up Song Dynasty official Belief System = neo-Confucianism used Civil Service Exams POSITIVE: economic Prosperity cultural Achievements 10

The Song Dynasty NEGATIVE: not enough soldiers to control vast empire Tibet broke away from China nomads took over much of northern China forced to move capital to Hangzhou corruption in government wealthy merchants failed to pay taxes Mongols end the rule of Song 11

CHINESE BUDDHISM early Tang rulers – religious tolerance allowed Buddhism to be practiced supported building of temples monks & nuns lived in monasteries ran schools provided rooms & food for travelers served as bankers provided medical care 12

OPPOSITION TO BUDDHISM wrong to accept donations monks & nuns weakened respect for family life (not allowed to marry) Tang officials feared growing power enemy of Chinese traditions destroyed temples & monasteries (A.D. 845) Buddhism never recovered 13

KOREA A.D. 200 Divided into three kingdoms lasted several hundred years A.D. 300 Buddhism brought to Korea A.D. 660 united into one country government supported Buddhism grew stronger 14

JAPAN legend over time, won many followers a Korean king writes to Japan’s emperor “…most excellent of all teachings” sent statue of Buddha over time, won many followers 15

CONFUCIANISM system of beliefs introduced by Confucius “great thinker” taught people needed to have a sense of duty to family & community in order to bring peace to society good government depended on wise leaders Civil service exams product of Confucian ideas 16

CONFUCIANISM fall of Han Dynasty no national government no civil service examinations Confucianism lost support Buddhism wins many followers spiritual message Tang & Song rulers bring Confucianism back into favor 17

NEO-CONFUCIANISM new kind of Confucianism created to reduce Buddhism’s popularity taught life in this world just as important as the afterlife followers expected to take part in life help others criticized Buddhist ideas picked up some Buddhist & Daoist beliefs Daoist – people should turn to nature & give up worldly concerns 18

NEO-CONFUCIANISM To many Chinese, Confucianism… became a religion about spiritual world taught followers … would find peace of mind live in harmony with nature Song Dynasty supported neo-Confucianism adopted as official philosophy, or belief system 19

SCHOLAR-OFFICIALS bureaucracy based on merit system people accepted for what they can do not on their riches or personal contacts civil service examinations used to hire government officials tested knowledge of Confucian writings only men allowed to take tests only rich could afford to have sons study for the tests passing tests difficult only one in five passed those who failed never given government job found jobs helping officials or taught 20

SCHOLAR-OFFICIALS examination system created a new wealthy class made up of scholar-officials strict rules set them apart from society no physical work students taught to never use their hands except for painting or writing 21

22