Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Organic Chemistry: chemistry of molecules based on carbon.

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Organic Chemistry: chemistry of molecules based on carbon. -since carbon can share up to 4 electrons it allows for the development of a vast variety of different and complex molecules

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Organic Chemistry: chemistry of molecules based on carbon. -since carbon can share up to 4 electrons it allows for the development of a vast variety of different and complex molecules -all life that we have discovered is based on carbon rich molecules e.g. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Organic Chemistry: chemistry of molecules based on carbon. -since carbon can share up to 4 electrons it allows for the development of a vast variety of different and complex molecules -all life that we have discovered is based on carbon rich molecules e.g. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids -and all of these molecules start with a carbon skeleton (a chain of carbon atoms)

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Hydrocarbon: a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogens forming the extra electron sharing pairs

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Hydrocarbon: a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogens forming the extra electron sharing pairs -the simplest organic molecules

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Hydrocarbon: a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogens forming the extra electron sharing pairs -the simplest organic molecules -other organic molecules are made by substituting other elements for the hydrogens

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Naming: simple hydrocarbons are named based on the number of carbons and the number of bonds between the carbons

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature # of carbonsroot 1meth 2eth 3prop 4but 5pent 6hex 7hept 8oct 9non 10dec

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Alkanes: hydrocarbons with only single bonds -named using the appropriate root + "ane" e.g.C 2 H 6 = eth + ane = ethane

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Alkanes: hydrocarbons with only single bonds -named using the appropriate root + "ane" e.g.C 2 H 6 = eth + ane = ethane structural formula

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Alkenes: hydrocarbons with one or more double bond -named using the appropriate root + "ene" e.g.C 2 H 4 = eth + ene = ethene structural formula

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Alkenes: -for longer molecules, the location of the double bond is identified by numbering the carbons so the double bond is in the lowest position -the number of the carbon with the double bond is written in front of the name with a hyphen

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Alkenes: -for longer molecules, the location of the double bond is identified by numbering the carbons so the double bond is in the lowest position -the number of the carbon with the double bond is written in front of the name with a hyphen -e.g. 2-pentene not 3-pentene

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Alkynes: hydrocarbons with one or more triple bond -named using the appropriate root + "yne" e.g.C 2 H 2 = eth + yne = ethyne structural formula

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Alkynes: -longer alkynes follow the same rules as alkenes e.g.

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Alkynes: -longer alkynes follow the same rules as alkenes e.g. 3-hexyne

Highland Science Department Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Try these: 1. propane 2. 2-butene 3.1-pentyne 4.CH 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 5.CH 2 = CH – CH 2 – CH 3 6.CH 3 – CH 2 – C = C – CH 3