BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I. Word StudyWord Study II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions III.Word BuildingWord Building IV. GrammarGrammar Language Study

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study Word list: 1.affectionaffection 2.affirmaffirm 3.applyapply 4.capabilitycapability 5.contributecontribute 6.counselcounsel 7.distinctdistinct 15. inhibitioninhibition 16. involveinvolve 17. observeobserve 18. occuroccur 19. perceiveperceive 20. projectproject 21. shrinkshrink 8. endeavorendeavor 9. endowmentendowment 10. ethicalethical 11. excessiveexcessive 12. handlehandle 13. inheritinherit 14. interpretinterpret

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 1. affection n. a gentle feeling of love and caring Examples: Every mother has/feels affection toward her children. I have a great affection for him. 我很喜欢他。 He is held in great affection. （被深深热爱） affectionate a. 充满深情的 He looks at her with affectionate looks. cf: affectation n. 矫饰

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 2. affirm 肯定地说；批准 v. to declare (usually again) positively; strengthen beliefs, ideas, or feelings Examples: affirm one’s judgment/innocence affirm sth. to sb. affirm that it is true affirmative a. affirmative reply/nod/reaction

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 3. apply v. a. to make a formal and usually written request for a job, position, etc. b. to use a method, law, principle, etc. in a particular situation c. to affect or concern sb. or sth. d. to bring sth. into nearness or contact with sth. Examples To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study She is applying for a scholarship. We should apply what we have learned to practice. Not all natural laws can apply to human society. Apply some of this ointment （药膏） to the swollen part, and the pain will soon be gone.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 4. capability n. the natural ability, skill, or power that makes you able to do sth. Examples: He has the capabilities of solving/to solve practical problems. It’s quite above his capabilities. Cf: ability capacity faculty To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study ability the power to do sth. well, acquired naturally or by learning More examples capacity 容量；能力，接受力 ability to hold, contain, or learn Faculty 才能，本领 a special ability To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study He has the ability to do the work, but he’s too lazy and won’t do it. The book is within the reading capacity of young readers. The auditorium （礼堂，会堂） has a seating capacity of 300 people. He has a faculty for painting.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years dismay dismay(n.) the worry, disappointment, and unhappiness you feel when sth. unpleasant happens with/in dismay Amanda read her exam results with dismay. They stared at each other in dismay.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years to sb’s dismay I found to my dismay that I had left my notes behind. fill sb with dismay The thought of making the journey filled him with dismay.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years dismay (v.) to make someone feel worried, disappointed, and upset be dismayed to see/hear etc Brenda was dismayed to find that work on the roof had not begun. be dismayed at We were dismayed at the cost of the repair.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years dejected = unhappy, disappointed, or sad

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 5. contribute v. a. to join with others in giving help, money, etc. 捐款；作贡献 b. to help to cause or produce 出力，起作用 Examples: contribute food and clothing for the refugees contribute to the Red Cross 投稿 Exercises contribute to one’s health. 有益于 Drinking contributed to his ruin. 起作用 Cf: distribute attribute To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study distribute v. to give things to a large number of people; spread sth. over an area distribute pictures among children distribute magazines to subscribers distribute ma  nure （肥料） over a field attribute n. a quality or feature of sb./sth. v. to say or believe that sth. is the result of a particular thing Politeness is an attribute of a gentleman. He attributes his success to hard work.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 6. counsel v. (fml.) to advise n. advice; opinion; suggestion Example: He counseled their giving up/to give up the plan. counsellor n. adviser; lawyer

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 7. distinct a. a. clearly different or belonging to a different type b. easily seen, understood; plain Examples: Silk is distinct from rayon （人造丝）. They are similar in form but distinct in kind. There is a distinct improvement in his pronunciation. He is at a distinct advantage in the competition. Cf: distinctive Word formation n. distinction ad. distinctly To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study distinctive a. serving to mark a difference or make distinct Example: Soldiers wear a distinctive uniform.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 8. endeavor v. (fml.) to try very hard n. (fml.) effort; attempt Examples: He endeavored to calm himself down but in vain. His endeavors to persuade her to go with him failed.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 9. endowment n. a. a quality or ability that someone has naturally b. money, property, etc. given to provide an income Examples: They are men of great endowments. The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments. Word formation v. endow To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study endow Examples: She is endowed with both beauty and brains. That hospital is privately endowed. v. a. to possess naturally, be born with b. to give a college, hospital, etc. a large sum of money that will provide it with an income

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 10. ethical a. connected with principles of what is right and what is wrong Examples: an ethical principle an ethical basis for education Cf: ethnic To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study ethnic a. a. of race or the races of mankind b. (colloq.) of a particular cultural group Examples: ethnic clothes/food/music/restaurants

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 11. excessive a. much more than is reasonable or necessary Examples: excessive rainfall excessive charges excess n. 过多，过量 an excess of enthusiasm That is a city with a population in excess of two million.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 12. handle v. a. to touch, lift or turn with the hands b. to operate with the hands c. to manage, control or cope with d. to buy and sell Examples: This box contains delicate china. Please handle with care. This computer is easy to handle. To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study We have to handle the relationship between our two countries carefully. This shop does not handle imported goods.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 13. inherit v. to receive (genetic characters) from one’s parents Examples: inherit money/estate/title She inherited her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper. n. inheritance n. heritage Word formation To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study inheritance n. the money, property, etc. that you receive from sb. when they die; the fact of receiving sth. when sb. dies 遗产，继承物 She spent all her inheritance in a year. n. sth. from the past or from your family that affects the way you behave, look, etc. 传统 our artistic/cultural inheritance heritage n. the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character national/cultural heritage

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 14. interpret v. a. to make clear the meaning of (either in words or by artistic performance) b. to consider to be the meaning of c. to give an immediate oral translation of Examples: interpret a difficult passage in a book We interpreted his silence as a refusal. Will you interpret for the foreign visitors? Word formation n. interpreter n. interpretation

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 15. inhibition n. (psych.) a feeling of worry or embarrassment that stops you doing or saying what you really want to Example: Wine weakens a person’s inhibitions. inhibit v. to hinder; to restrain inhibit sb. from doing sth.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 16. involve v. a. to include as a necessary part or result b. to affect Word formation a. involved n. involvement Examples: All reforms involve certain tasks. The building of the dam involved relocating almost one million people. You have to involve every country in the fight against global warming. He was deeply involved in the scandal.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 17. observe v. a. to see or notice; watch carefully b. to say by way of comment Examples: The accused was observed trying to force the lock of the door. Some scientists observed that global warming is not necessarily related to human activities. Word formation n. observation a. observant

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 18. occur v. a. to happen b. to come into one’s mind suddenly Examples: Over the years many floods have occurred in that area. It occurred to him that there was a better way to do it. I guess it never occurred to him to put aside some money for a rainy day. Word formation n. occurrence

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 19. perceive v. (fml.) to become aware of, esp. through the eyes or the mind Examples: Musicians can perceive small differences in sounds. He gradually perceived that language and culture can’t be separated. Word formation n. perception a. perceptive a. perceptible

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 20. project v. a. to plan b. to cause a shadow, an outline, etc. on a surface c. to present sb./sth./yourself to other people in a particular way, esp. one that gives a good impression project a dam/a new canal project a picture on a screen project the future roles as men or women

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study 21. shrink v. a. to make or become smaller, esp. through wetting b. to move back; show unwillingness to do sth. Examples: Will this shirt shrink in the wash? Car sales have been shrinking recently. A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers. Cf: contract To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years I.Word Study contract v. to make or become smaller or shorter; make or become tighter or narrower Metals contract as they become cool. contract one’s muscles/the brows/forehead The end of Word Study.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years List: 1.be equal tobe equal to 2.dawn on/upondawn on/upon 3.drag one’s feetdrag one’s feet 4.for certainfor certain 5.freedom/free fromfreedom/free from 6.go throughgo through 7. in turnin turn 8. in/with relation toin/with relation to 9. in a different lightin a different light 10. independent from/ofindependent from/of 11. stand backstand back II.Phrases and Expressions

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years v. to be just as good as; have strength, courage, ability etc. for sth. Examples: Many of our products are equal to the best in the world. It is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color. He is equal to doing this task. 1. be equal to II.Phrases and Expressions

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years v. to begin to appear; grow clear to the mind Examples: The truth began to dawn on him. It suddenly dawned on me that there was another thing that contributed to their economic success. Cf: It occurs to sb. that… 被想起，被想到 2. dawn on/upon to become known by 开始明白，醒悟 II.Phrases and Expressions

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years occur It never occur to me for a moment that you meant that. A smart idea occurred to her. Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it? Her name just did not occur to my memory.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years v. (figurative usage) to delay deliberately Examples: The local authorities are dragging their feet closing these coal mines. I can understand why they are dragging their feet over this reform. The reason is that it will affect their personal interests. 3. drag one’s feet II.Phrases and Expressions

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years ad. certainly; definitely; no doubt Examples: He is probably an accountant. I don’t know for certain. I can’t say for certain how much this car will cost. It must be in the neighborhood of two hundred thousand yuan. 4. for certain II.Phrases and Expressions

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years no longer having sth. you do not want Examples: The most important freedom our people should have is the freedom from hunger. An ideal society is one free from exploitation and oppression. 5. freedom/free from II.Phrases and Expressions Cf: freedom of To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years freedom from taxation freedom of press/speech II.Phrases and Expressions More examples To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years II.Phrases and Expressions “ We look forward to a world founded upon essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want… everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear… anywhere in the world. “ —Franklin D. Roosevelt

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years 1) to be passed or approved The Bill did not go through. 6. go through II.Phrases and Expressions 2) to be concluded The deal did not go through. 3) to discuss in detail Let’s go through the arguments again. To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years 4) to search The police went through the pockets of the suspected thief. II.Phrases and Expressions 5) to complete Let’s go through the exercises. 6) to undergo; suffer He seemed to have forgotten all that he had gone through. To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years 7) to consume; use up It did not take Albert very long to go through his inheritance. II.Phrases and Expressions Cf: pull through 8) to continue firmly to the end Knowing full well the difficulties the work involved, they were still determined to go through with it. To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years 1) to make sth. or sb. through by pulling The eye of the needle is too small and I can’t pull the thread through. pull through II.Phrases and Expressions 2) to survive a difficult or dangerous situation That newly liberated country is going to have a rough time, but it will pull through. 3) to recover or help to recover from illness He was badly injured in the accident, but the doctors made every effort to pull him through.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years in succession Example: The candidates were summoned in turn to see the examiner. Put the following sentence into English: 理论的基础是实践又反过来服务于实践。 7. in turn II.Phrases and Expressions Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years as regards; concerning Examples: I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. The project was outlined with relation to available funds. 8. in/with relation to II.Phrases and Expressions

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years in a different way Examples: After I took that course, I began to see the world in a different light. What he did made us see him in a different light. 9. in a different light II.Phrases and Expressions More examples To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years He decided to make further improvements on the computer’s design in the light of the requirements of customers. in the light of after considering (sth.) II.Phrases and Expressions shed/throw a new light on to make sth. clearer; provide new information These facts shed a new light on the matter.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years not dependent on or controlled by other persons or things Examples: If you have a car, you are independent from/of trains and buses. That’s an objective law independent from/of man’s will. Cf: Promotion is dependent on/upon one’s record of success. 10. independent from/of II.Phrases and Expressions

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years 1) to stand to the rear The child stood back at the sight of the ferocious dog. 11. stand back II.Phrases and Expressions 2) to distance oneself mentally in order to understand or judge better Sometimes an administrator must stand back from day-to-day business to grasp the wider pattern of events. To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years II.Phrases and Expressions 3) to withdraw or retreat from making discussions, influencing events, etc. She ran the family and her husband stood back. These were vital discussions from which he couldn’t afford to stand back. The end of Phrases and Expressions.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building List: 1. Prefix–de, proPrefix–de, pro 2. Root–ject, volv, genRoot–ject, volv, gen 3. Suffix–ogy, alSuffix–ogy, al

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building definite prefix de- 向下，减少，除去，离开，否定 decrease degrade devalue decolour desalt decompose decentralize decelerate 减少 使降级 使降值 漂白 除去盐分 使分解 使分散 使减速 To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building definite root -fin(i)-, -finit- 结束，界限 confine define definite finite infinite infinity semifinal affinity 限制，禁闭 下定义；规定 明确的；限定的 有限的 无限的 无限，无穷大 半决赛（的） 密切关系；共鸣 To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building project prefix pro- 向前；支持；代理 proceed progress project promote propel provoke pro-British pro-consul 前进；着手 进步 投射 促进 推进 激怒，招惹 亲英派的 代理领事

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building project root -jac(t)-, -ject- 投，射 abject adjacent deject eject inject object projective subject 凄惨的，可怜的 毗邻的，邻近的 使沮丧，使气馁 逐出，排斥 注射，注入 反对 投影的，突出的 使服从，使遭受 To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building involve root -volv-, -volut- 旋转 evolve involve revolve intervolve devolve evolution revolution voluble 发展，演化 包缠，包含 （使）旋转 缠绕；使互卷 转移，移交（工作，职务） 旋转 革命 易旋转的；健谈的 To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building genetic root -gen-, -generat- 生（殖） generate genetic genital genius ingenious congenial eugenic progenitor 使发生，产生 遗传学的 生殖的 天才 机灵的 同族的，同类的，相宜的 优生学的 祖先

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building psychology suffix -ogy- 学（科） zoology geology ecology sociology biology archeology physiology psychology 动物学 地理学 生态学 社会学 生物学 考古学 生理学 心理学 To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years III.Word Building parental suffi x -al ······ 的 （形容词后缀） organizational occupational environmental experimental conversational educational natural cultural personal The end of Word Building. organizational skills occupational disease environmental protection experimental work conversational style educational policy natural selection cultural gap personal preference

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years IV.Grammar Object Definition: An object is the recipient of an action which often follows a transitive verb or a preposition. What can function as object are nouns, pronouns, numerals, infinitive phrases, gerund, noun clauses, etc. Example: Do you know where he lives? “Where he lives“ is the objective clause of “know”. To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years During this time, students… are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weakness are. an infinitive phrase used as the object of the verb Object IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page. Related Grammatical Points

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years afford attempt arrange beg choose claim dare decide decline Verbs that are often followed by an infinitive phrase as object: IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page. determine expect fail intend long manage offer seek undertake to do

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years At the same time, these young adults are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world. wh-word plus an infinitive phrase used as an object of the verb Object IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page. Related Grammatical Points

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years ask consider decide discover discuss explain find out forget Verbs that are often followed by wh-word plus an infinitive phrase as object: IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page. inquire know learn show tell understand wonder undertake when/where/why /who/whom/how /whether… to do

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years Hoffman observed that there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from our parents. Object IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page. “that” clause used as the object of a verb

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years All the student should be aware of how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning… “how” clause used as the object of a preposition Object IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page.

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering? a gerund used as the object of a preposition Object IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page. More examples

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years admit avoid consider delay deny escape excuse fancy imagine Verbs that are often followed by a gerund as object: IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page. mind miss dislike permit postpone practice risk suggest undertake -ing

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years amount to be up to be equal to cut down on feel like give up look forward to object to put off stand up to … Phrases that are often followed by a gerund as object: IV.Grammar To be continued on the next page. -ing

BTLEW Lesson 1- Your College Years He was lucky to escape being sent to prison. the passive of a gerund used as the object of a verb Object IV.Grammar The end of Grammar.