Transforming Jakarta: Three Integrated Ideas for Jakarta Baru* Presented by Wisnubroto Sarosa Member of Indonesian Association of Planners Head of Sub-directorat of Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatial Plan Implementation Region I Directorat General of Spatial Planning and Development The Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia 46th EAROPH REGIONAL CONFERENCE Iskandar Malaysia 20th November 2013 *Jakarta Baru (New Jakarta) is tagline of the current Jakarta’s Governor – Vice Governor, Joko Widodo – Basuki Tjahja Purnama

Outline The Jakarta’s challenges The impacts What have been done? The ideas for better solution

The Challenges

The Importance of Jakarta Jakarta which is always the centre of developmentt in Indonesia along the country’s history is becoming one of the top ten largest cities in the world.

Urban Sprawl Development & Administrative Division Uncontrolled and sprawl development as well as administrative division change have been happening in the Greater Jakarta (JABODETABEK) for last three decades

Significant Increase of Population Total: 28 million For 40 years, population has been increasing signifcantly in the region of JABODETABEK

The Impacts

Increasing Commuters Phenomena (in 1,000 unit car/day) (2002) 247 (2010) 344 (2002) 262 (2010) 423 Increase 40% Increase 61% DKI Jakarta City of Tangerang City of Tangsel Regency of Tangerang City of Bekasi Regency of Bekasi BODETABEKDKI Jakarta 743 1,105 Prediction 2013: almost 2 million cars enter Jakarta a day (2002) 234 (2010) 338 Increase 44% Increase 49% City of Depok City of Bogor Regency of Bogor Source: Commuter Survey JUTPI, 2010

Impact: Traffic Congestions Severe traffic congestions everywhere and everytime cause everyone to be used spending hours on the road every single day. A prediction: Jakarta’s traffic will be stuck in 2014

Significant Increase of Private Transportation Source: Commuter Survey JUTPI, 2010 The absence of adequate public transportation increase excessively the number of cars dan motorcycles

More Frequent Floods The area, the frequency and the duration of floods are increasing from year to year.

Spreading Slum Areas Slum areas are spreading along the rivers and the coastal areas.

Impact: Reducing the Area of Green Open Spaces 1985 37,2% 2000 25,85 % The fast urban development in the past has radically reduced traditional green open spaces in the city. The Spatial Planning Law No. 26/2007) suggest that the city should provide minimum 30% GOS of the area. 2010 13,94 %

What Have Been Done?

The Existing Public Transportation For years, to serve commuters who work in Jakarta, there have been small number of railway networks which is inheritance from the colonial era. Nowadays, there are 10 lanes, out of 15 lanes in the plan, of busway which serve around Jakarta, besides dozen traditional buses or minibuses managed by private company or individual.

The Plan of Transportation Network The Government and the Provincial Goverment of Jakarta plan to build: Six more toll-road enter to the city (creating big debat) Two lanes of monorail (the construction already started after six years pending) A lane of MRT from the southern part to the city center.

The Existing and Planned Floodways For managing the flood, the Central Government and the Provincial Government of Jakarta (DKI) have been developing and managing several canal floodways as well as waduks/ponds/reservoirs throughout the area. Blue: managed and developed by the Government Orange: managed and developed by the DKI

The Ideas for Better Solution

Lessons from Other Megapolitans Paris New York Berlin Tokyo Moscow London Megapolitans around the world are deserved by dozens of railway system

Our Neighbourhood Already Started Manila Kuala Lumpur Bangkok New Delhi Singapore

Idea One: Revitalisation of River Banks Creating more green open space on the river banks by moving the people on the slum areas into the social housings build set back from the river banks. Due to the limited space, it is needed to build temporarily housing over the river, during the construction of social housings.

Idea One: the Resources Target 2010-2014 of the Ministry of Social Housing (Menpera) to build 650 twin-block (68,180 units) of Rusunawa (rental apartement) and 200 tower (160,000 units) have only reached 20% today. The Ministry of Public Works allocates Rp 5 Trilion (USD 500 million) 2010-2014 for normalisation project of Ciliwung River. It does not include Rp 3.4 Trillion (USD 340 million) of the Ministry and the DKI Jakarta 2012 budget for normalisation project of 13 rivers in Jakarta for anticipating floods. In fact, there are a lot of budget for building the social housing and developing the rivers. The general problems are usually coming from the aquisition of lands.

Idea Two: Building Elevated Train There are 13 rivers and canals, small and larger, neat and dirty, flow through Jakarta. Those are one of network of public space that can be used without acquiring the land. The other networks are the median of toll roads and the high-voltage transmission which pass trough the middle of the city. The grid need to be modified in order to be able to build the railway

Idea Two: Examples of Elevated Train Abroad

Idea Two: Elevated Train Networks in Jakarta Among the 13 rivers/canals, it just takes 3 or 4 to build the elevated train/monorail network. Those networks are to service especially the comutters from the southern part of Jakarta (Depok, Bogor) While the train/monorail over the toll road are provided especially for the commuters from eastern and western parts of Jakarta (Tangerang and Bekasi) Monorail/train over the river Monorail/train over the toll road

Idea Three: Building ‘the Man behind the Gun’ Change the Mindset Due to more market oriented of the urban development since two-three decades ago, issuing permit by Local Government for private investors to build malls, apartements and city superblocks has been more dominant rather than improving the urban kampongs. 1934 1969 - 1984 1985 - 1989 1990 - 1999 1999 - 2005 2006 - Today Kampoengveerbetaring MHT I: KIP/JUDP MHT II: ‘DAS’ MHT III: ‘Tribina’ P2KP: Penang-gulangan Kemis-kinan PNPM Perkotaan 1980: Aga Khan Award 1999 WB’s Cities Alliances: “Global Best Practices”

Idea Three: Building ‘the Man behind the Gun’ Such development has been creating the processes of ‘gentrification’ as well as ‘marginalisation’ of the urban poor to suburb.

Idea Three: Building Concensus and Cooperation among the Stakeholders Start from intitutions in the Government Provincial Government of Jakarta (DKI) Directorat General of Water Resources (SDA-PU) Directorat General of Spatial Planning (DJPR-PU) Directorat General of Human Settlements (DJCK –PU) Ministry of Social Housing (Kemenpera) Directorat General of Human Settlements (DJCK –PU) Land Certification Agency (BPN)

Idea Three: Creating a Multistakeholder Cooperation Civil Society Organisations Facilitating the community to include the projects Zakat-based Trust Fund Quasi-public Organisation Managing the Projects Managing funding from the people of Jakarta Zakat-based Trust Fund Government Institutions Private Sectors Private Sectors Contributing and investing in certain parts of the projects Contributing in the project depending on their own role

Conclusion For transforming Jakarta into a more livable city it is required to have an integrated strategy which is using all potential resources (spacial, social and financial). The strategy should be implemented in a fast way and a short period in order to not creating other excessive impacts related to social and economic matters. The proposed integrated ideas could hopefully overcome three big issues in Jakarta today: traffic congestions, slum areas and green open spaces.

at EAROPH World Congress 2014 Thank You See you in Jakarta at EAROPH World Congress 2014