GANG STRENGTH CALCULATION USING RATIONAL FORMULA Presented By K.A.J.BABU , ADEN/E/KGP,S.E.RLY C.NAGARAJU, AXEN/C/KRMR,S.C.RLY Under the Guidance of Sri. PRAVEEN KUMAR,P/C,IRICEN/PUNE

Gang strength Gang strength calculation by Maflin”s formula Modified Maflin’s formula Special Committee formula Rational formulae

MAFLIN’S FORMULA Adopted in 1931 No of gangmen required = Unit-per- mile*2.5 Unit- per – mile depending on the traffic carried Man power factor is constant irrespective of track gauge

Revised Maflin’s formula Evolved by Lobo committee in 1959 Implemented in 1962 Gang strength was based on “Equated Track Mile” ETM depends on the traffic density, type of formation, curved alignment and annual rainfall

Special committee formula Adopted in 1979 N = 0.95 * M * K * E N is the no of gang men M is man power factor ( 1.47 for B.G and 1.21 for M.G and N.G) K is the correction factor due to modernisation of track,methods of maintenance E is Equated Track Kilometre ( ETKM)

Special committee formula Correction factor Type of track Mmethod of maitenance Convent ,DTM,MSP Mechanised Fish plated 1.00 0.80 SWR 0.95 0.75 LWR on ws/ms 0.85 0.60 LWR on psc - 0.50

WHY SPECIAL COMMITTEE FORMULA NEEDS REPLACEMENT Gang is to carry out 12 activities and other 16 activities are by engaging casual labourer No uniformity of overall manpower per ETKM over the railways Maintance cost per ETKM is varying among Zonal Railways Decasualisation effect Aspect of engagement of safaiwalas for filth removal

--Contd Aspect of carrying out monsoon patrolling, watching vulnerable locations and security patrolling by out side agencies Ageing of gang men Absenteeism among gang men, as much as 60% To identify the works to be executed through contract to limit the manpower Educational profile of the gangmen remains deficient while mechanisation is increasingly adopted

Modifying Special Committee formula Railway Board in 1996 constituted a committee Terms of reference To study the special committee formula and suggest modified formula To take into account decasualisation done effect of maintenance and track modernisation while modifying the gang strenth formula

Categorisation of tracks Non Sub urban sections Machine Packed Manually Packed Sub urban section,Machine packed High density

H D suburb section Criteria for High Density Sub urban Section The train frequency per hour, on any line or in a sub section should exceed 8 The required maintenance works can be completed only by way of availing night blocks PHOD is the competent authority to classify a suburban section as ‘HDSL’

H D suburb sections Special features of H D suburb section High frequency of trains Encroachments Corridor night blocks and integrated mega blocks Large number of turn outs Lack of drainage Extensive track circuits

CLASSIFICATION OF MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES PRIMARY MAINTENCE ACTIVITIES Directly related to P Way maintenance Need manpower based on the continuous length of the track AUXILLIARY MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES For upkeep of P Way as a whole Need manpower based on the localised problems,special features and geographical nature of P way section

Classification -- contd PRIMARY MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES Activity T – Affected by traffic density Activity R – Routine in nature AUXILLARY MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES Activity M – Miscellaneous Activity S – Site specific

Activity T ( For machine packed track) T1 Slack attention to Bad spots Low joints SEJ Minor curve realignment T2 For Tie Tamper working Pre-tamping operation Along with tamper Post tamping operations T3 Casual renewals Rails Sleepers Fasteners T4 Repair Welding

Activity T ( For manually packed track) T1 Through packing T2 Slack attention to Bad spots Low joints SEJ Minor curve realignment T3 Casual renewals Rails Sleepers Fasteners T4 Creep pulling

Activity T ( For machine packed track HD suburban) T1 Slack attention to Bad spots Low joints SEJ Minor curve realignment T2 For Tie Tamper working Pre-tamping operation Along with tamper Post tamping operations T3 Casual renewals Rails Sleepers Fasteners T4 Repair Welding

Activity R ( For machine packed track) R1 Lubrication of ERCs R2 Shallow screening (1/5 length) R3 Loading , leading & unloading R4 Overhauling of level crossing R5 Watching caution spot and miscellaneous R6 Tree cutting for visibility R7 Lubrication of rails in Curves R8 Accident relief and carcass removal R9 Bridge sleeper attention and renewal R10 Pre monsoon attention such as clearing of drains, waterways, deweeding etc R11 Creep pulling (approach of bridges and turn outs) R12 Rectifying damage to LC

Activity R ( For manually packed track) R1 Lubrication of ERCs R2 Shallow screening R3 Loading , leading & unloading R4 Overhauling of level crossing R5 Watching caution spot and miscellaneous R6 Tree cutting for visibility R7 Lubrication of rails in Curves R8 Accident relief and carcass removal R9 Bridge sleeper attention and renewal R10 Pre monsoon attention R11 Creep pulling R12 Rectifying damafe to LC

Activity R ( For machine packed HD suburban track) R1 Through packing R2 Shallow screening (1/5 length) R3 Loading , leading & unloading R4 Lubrication of ERCs R5 Overhauling of level crossing R6 Watching caution spot and look out men R7 Tree cutting for visibility R8 Lubrication of rails in Curves R9 Accident relief and carcass removal in run over cases R10 Bridge sleeper attention and renewal R11 Pre monsoon attention R12 Creep pulling R13 Rectifying damage to LC R14 Painting of weld collars R 15 Emergency attention R 16 Extra sssistance to key man & B/smith R17 Extra work in Night blocks R 18 Extra assistance for S&T Items

Activity M M1 Monsoon patrolling M2 Hot weather patrolling M3 Cold weather patrolling M4 Watching vulnerable locations M5 Gate keeping at level crossings M6 Rest giving for keyman M7 Waterman duty M8 Store watchman duty

Activity S S1 Tunnel maintenance S2 Bridge substructure maintenance S3 Long girder maintenance S4 Extra due to sharp curves, deep cutting etc S5 Track on extremely bad formation S6 Lookout man duty S7 Fog signal man duty S8 Filth removal from track S9 Security patrolling S10 Watching of water level in suburban section

Work to be done through contract Formation treatment Ballasting Deep screening Sub ballast and ballast layer Heavy repair to track including lifting TRR,TSR,TFR Complete ROC Complete renewal of P&C , SEJs , traps Resurfacing of crossing and switch rails Loading/unloading of P way material in bulk Lorrying of P way materials in bulk Security of material in depot which is closed and locked

Work to be done through contract Painting of rails and weld collars Painting of bridge girders Heavy repair to formation, cutting,side drains &c/w drains Providing and reparing road surface at LC Heavy repair to bridges, protecion works,river training works and tunnels Removal of major sand breaches Restoration works following breaches, accidents Clearing of vegetation in P/F and in the vicinity of tracks in coaching and goods yards, repairs to depots and work shops of Engg, Mech, Elec and S&T Vegetation

Authority for certifying the correctness of factors in activities M & S No of mandays for monsoon patrolling – CTE/CBE Need for hot/ cold patrolling – CTE No.of days for watching vulnerable locations-CTE/CBE Need for store w/man duty – Sr DEN/C00RD Existance of extremely bad formation – CTE Track Stretches with poor visibility – Sr DEN/Coord Need for fog signal duty – Sr DEN/Coord Need for removal of filth – Sr DEN/Coord Need for security patrol – Sr DEN/Coord No of days for watching water level in suburb-SrDEN/Co

RATIONAL FORMULAE

Rational formulae How the manpower requirement arrived at? Activties T & R For Main line Norms as per the actual manpower utilised on various sections on various zones and analyzing the same scientifically Periodicity of shallow screening has been changed to 5 yr instead of 3 yr Average spacing of the LC has been taken as 1.5 km Quantum of work in shallow screening in PSC sleeper track is 4 sl / head

Contd For RYL and NRYL 1 KM of NRYL is taken as equivalent to 2/3 km of RYL Factors A,B and C are not considered Considered as ‘R’ activity

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MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “M” N: Total No. of beat-lengths D: No.of days needing patrolling in a year in the nth beat length. b: No.of beats in the nth beat length. s: No. of shifts in the nth beat length m: No.of men in each shift in the nth beat-length =2 in area infested with wild animals/ terrorists; otherwise m=1. M.1 Monsoon Patrolling 1 to N

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “M” M.2 Hot weather patrolling of LWR track Lw X 30 M.3 Cold weather patrolling of LWR track Lw X 12 Lw: Length of LWR track in km, on single line basis

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “M” N: No. of vulnerable locations s: No.of duty shifts at the nth location d:No.of days of watching at the nth location in a year. N: No. of Engg level crossings s: No.of duty shifts at the nth level crossing Ng: No. of Engg Gatekeeper posts sanctioned (Excluding LR) M.4 Watching vulnerable locations 1 to N M.5 Gate keeping at level crossings

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “M” K: No. of Keyman beats N: No. of Gangs N: No. of stores in addition to SSE HQ (Not more than 2) M.6 Rest giving for keymen K(365-294) M.7 Waterman duty N * 294 M.8 Store- watchman duty N * 3 * 365

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “S” N: No. of tunnels l: length of the nth tunnel, in metre r: No.of tracks in the nth tunnel. N: No.of bridges b: Lineal waterway of the nth bridge, in metre r: No. of tracks on the nth bridge. S.1 Tunnel Maintenance 1.2* 0.29* 1 to N S.2 Bridge substructure maintenance 1.1* 0.29*

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “S” N: No. of bridges each having more than 150m lineal waterway b: Lineal waterway of the nth bridge, in metre r: No. of tracks on the nth bridge Lc: Total Length of such curve S.3 Long Girder Maintenance 0.64* 1 to N S.4 Sharp curves > 3 D in BG > 6 D in MG Lc * 294

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “S” N: No.of locations where track needs more than 4 attentions in a year l: length of track in the nth location, in metres N: No. of gangs v: length of track with poor visibility in the nth gang length g: length of the nth gang S.5 Track maintenance in extremely bad formation 0.6 * 1 to N S.6 look out man 294

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “S” S.7 Fog signalman Mf / 3 S.8 Filth removal from track f * 294 S.9 Security Patrolling Ms / 3 Mf: Total Mandays actually utilised in past three years f: No. of gangs having this kind of problem Ms: Total Mandays actually utilised in past three years

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “S” S.10 Watching water level in suburban sections 1 to N N: No.of locations where flooding of track occurs in rainy season, due to water entering from built-up area outside. s:No.of shifts required at the nth location. d:No. of days requiring watching at the nth location. Normally s = 2; d= 60 in Mumbai suburban sections.

MANDAYS REQUIREMENT FOR ACTIVITY “S” S.10 Watching water level in suburban sections 1 to N N: No.of locations where flooding of track occurs in rainy season, due to water entering from built-up area outside. s:No.of shifts required at the nth location. d:No. of days requiring watching at the nth location. Normally s = 2; d= 60 in Mumbai suburban sections.

EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF SPECIAL LAYOUTS a) Same as per SPECIAL COMMITTEE FORMULA Turnout 0.1 Km Diamond Diamond crossing with single slip 0.15 Km Diamond crossing with double slips 0.2 Km Cross over Three-throw Scissors cross-over 0.5 Km Trap 0.02 Km Double trap 0.04 Km

MULTIPLYING FACTORS Factor As per Special Committee As per MCNTM A B C 0.1 and 0.2 for bad and very bad formations Same B =0.25 for > 1.5 D for BG > 3 D for MG > 5 D for NG Linear from 0 to 0.25 for 1 to 2 D for BG, 2 to 4 D for MG 3 to 7 D for NG thereafter constant at 0.25 C =0 up to rainfall of 200 cm =0.1 for rainfall of 200 cm =Linear from 01 to 0.2 for rainfall 200 to 300cm =0.2 for rainfall > 300 cm =0 up to rainfall of 150 cm = Linear from 0 to 0.2 for rainfall 150 to 300cm

SUMMARY TYPE MANDAYS/KM ACTIVITY “T” MD/KM ATY “R” MAC. PACKED BG (NON- SUB URBAN) (80+2.3*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 159 MAN. PACKED BG (NON SUB URBAN) (223+8.24*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 168 MAC. PACKED BG (HD - SUB URBAN) (115+2.3*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 398 MAN. PACKED MG (160+13.56*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 128 MAN. PACKED NG (105+188*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 91

SUMMARY TYPE MANDAYS/KM ACTIVITY “T” MD/KM ATY “R” MAC. PACKED BG (NON- SUB URBAN) (80+2.3*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 159 MAN. PACKED BG (NON SUB URBAN) (223+8.24*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 168 MAC. PACKED BG (HD - SUB URBAN) (115+2.3*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 398 MAN. PACKED MG (160+13.56*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 128 MAN. PACKED NG (105+188*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 91

SUMMARY TYPE MANDAYS/KM ACTIVITY “T” MD/KM ATY “R” MAC. PACKED BG (NON- SUB URBAN) (80+2.3*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 159 MAN. PACKED BG (NON SUB URBAN) (223+8.24*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 168 MAC. PACKED BG (HD - SUB URBAN) (115+2.3*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 398 MAN. PACKED MG (160+13.56*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 128 MAN. PACKED NG (105+188*GMT)X(1+A+B+C) 91

SUMMARY Staff strength arrived at by rational formulae does not include LR of 12.5 % Posts of Gateman, Mates, Keymen, Artisans, Artisan helpers, Trollyman, Storeman USFD team Machine Staff for maintenance or operation Report recommended 2% training reserve, Board yet to take final view

MMU STAFF Work load catered by MMU (Machine Packed only) Main Line Activity T= 80 + 2.3* GMT For GMT of 20, T=126 Bad spots 35 out of 35 Low joints 10 out of 16 SEJ 2 out of 4 Curves 6 out of 10 Casual renewal rail 2 out of 6 Casual sleeper rail 2 out of 6 Repair welding 6 out of 12 63 I.e 50% 40+1.15 GMT Main Line activity R= 159 Loading Unloading 12 out of 20 OH of LC 13 out of 13 Bridge sleeper renewal 7 out of 10 Creep pulling 3 out of 5 35

MMU STAFF Work load catered by MMU (Machine Packed only) Running Yard Line R=177 Bad spots 14 out of 14 Low joints 5 out of 8 Curves 2 out of 6 Casual renewal rail 2 out of 3 Casual sleeper renewal 2 out of 3 Loading Unloading 10 out of 15 35 Gross Equivalent MMU Mandays i.e GEMM = Lm(40+1.15 GMT) (1+A+B+C) + 35 Lm + 35 Ly Exp. on MMU 80 % of Emoluments of GEMM= Annualized cost of SEMMU + Annual emoluments of MMU staff

CONCEPT OF EMKM Committee has proposed Equated Manpower KM (EMKM) as performance unit in place of ETKM EMKM is defined as numerical equivalent to 0.6 times the number of gang man required for activities T, R, M, S EMKM has been defined based on a compensator p-way section requiring 1.66 men/KM

RATIONAL FORMULAE How these are different ? Zero based approach has been adopted Formulae have been evolved on rational basis 14 non – suburban sections and 3 HD suburban sections have been studied on 7 Zonal Railways ( NR,ER,WR,SR,CR,SER,SCR) through direct interaction with the field Engineers

Rational formulae What is new ? Mandays per annum per km for each activity are computed instead of man power factor Man power requirement for T & R activities is same irrespective of the type of sleepers and type of rails i.e., F.P,SWR,LWR All the sub activities of maintenance of RYL and NRYL are categorised under activity R (Routine maintenance ) Flexible to encourage formation of Mobile Maintenance Units ( MMUs) Concept of Equated Manpower Kilometre (EMKM) introduced EMKM = 0.6 ( G/men per km as per Rational formulae )

Rational formula Conclusions As the formulae are arrived at more rationally, there will be saving in the manpower and at the same time ensures equitable distribution of manpower in accordance with the work load. The adoption of rational formulae ensures uniformity of manpower provision commensurate with work load. Optimisation of manpower can be achieved uniform degree of track maintenance and equitable allotment of funds. The concept of EMKM enables to evaluate the manpower requirement for optimal utilization The formulae are more flexible to allow for redistribution of strength of the various gangs as per the age profile of track. The formulae allows for introduction of Mobile Maintenance Units

THANKS