Chapter 11 National and Regional Growth

Learning Targets I Can…Define and identify the Cotton Gin, Eli Whitney, Nat Turner, and Spirituals. I Can…Define and identify the Cotton Gin, Eli Whitney, Nat Turner, and Spirituals. I Can…Explain the cause and effect of the Cotton Gin on Southern life I Can…Explain the cause and effect of the Cotton Gin on Southern life I Can…Summarize the impact of cotton on American life I Can…Summarize the impact of cotton on American life I Can…Compare the different conditions faced by African Americans in the South I Can…Compare the different conditions faced by African Americans in the South I Can…Explain what forms of resistance to slavery took place I Can…Explain what forms of resistance to slavery took place

Eli Whitney (Cotton Gin) Invented the cotton gin in Invented the cotton gin in Could clean up to 50 pounds of cotton in one day (cleaning cotton by hand meant you could clean one pound per day) Could clean up to 50 pounds of cotton in one day (cleaning cotton by hand meant you could clean one pound per day) Invented for the plantation of Catherine Greene, who had hired him to tutor her children Invented for the plantation of Catherine Greene, who had hired him to tutor her children

Eli Whitney (Cotton Gin)

Effects of the Cotton Gin More people move westward More people move westward Planters grow cotton more than other crops (more valuable) Planters grow cotton more than other crops (more valuable) Native Americans driven off their lands to clear more for farming Native Americans driven off their lands to clear more for farming SLAVERY – Cotton crops require large work forces. Importance of slavery to the south’s economy grows SLAVERY – Cotton crops require large work forces. Importance of slavery to the south’s economy grows

Economic Impacts Increased cotton production and the textile factories changed the economic and social structure of Europe and America. Increased cotton production and the textile factories changed the economic and social structure of Europe and America. Slave prices increase sharply Slave prices increase sharply 1808 – America bans international slave trade, but still has domestic sales 1808 – America bans international slave trade, but still has domestic sales By the Civil War, cotton accounts By the Civil War, cotton accounts for 2/3 of America’s exports $200 million/year

Expansion of Slavery Price of strong male slaves reaches $1,000 by the 1830’s. Price of strong male slaves reaches $1,000 by the 1830’s. Slavery divides the South – Rich plantation owners vs. small farmers. Slavery divides the South – Rich plantation owners vs. small farmers. Slavery necessary for both to profit Slavery necessary for both to profit About 1/3 of South’s population enslaved About 1/3 of South’s population enslaved Free Blacks – Some had to leave once they got their freedom. Free Blacks – Some had to leave once they got their freedom.

Slave Rebellions Nat Turner Nat Turner Virginia, Virginia, Kills 55 white men, women, & children Kills 55 white men, women, & children Turner’s men are all captured and killed Turner’s men are all captured and killed Spreads fear in the South; New laws Spreads fear in the South; New laws

Life Under Slavery Slavery By the early 1800’s, a distinct African- American culture has been created. By the early 1800’s, a distinct African- American culture has been created. Spirituals – Religious folk songs, some contained coded messages. Spirituals – Religious folk songs, some contained coded messages. Influence music today Influence music today Families sold apart, some ran away to find loved ones. Families sold apart, some ran away to find loved ones. Slave owners blamed the economy or the slave auctioneers for slavery. Slave owners blamed the economy or the slave auctioneers for slavery.

Life Under Slavery Slavery

Quiz Time

1. What product’s rise in importance as a result of the invention of Eli Whitney lead to an increase in the slave labor in the South? 2. By the American Civil War, cotton accounted for what percentage of the US exports? 3. What music was used by African Americans to uplift and hide secret messages inside them? 4. What does it mean to be “Sold upriver?” 5. What famous African American lead a revolt that lead to the death of 55 white men and women?

Answers 1. Cotton 2. 2/3rds 3. Spirituals 4. To be sent further south to worse conditions 5. Nat Turner