Logging in the Brazilian Amazon and Enforcement of Forest Laws Brenda Brito Assistant Researcher and Vice-Executive Director of Imazon Illegal Logging Update and Stakeholder Consultation London - January 20th, 2006

o Timber processing centers (2004): 82 o Timber Production (2004): 24.5 millions m3 Logging frontiers and timber production Source: Imazon (Lentini et al, 2005)

Increase of Brazilian Amazon timber exportation Source: Imazon (Lentini et al, 2003; Lentini et al, 2005)

Source: Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and International Trade, 2005 EU = 32% Major importers of timber from the Brazilian Amazon

Brazilian Government initiatives against illegal logging and deforestation Environmental Crimes Law (1998) Increasing number of fines against violators Creation of protected areas: 12% of the Amazon Police investigation against bribery and corruption ( )

Enforcement is still weak ~ 43% of illegal timber in 2004  14 million m3 authorized  24,5 million m3 logged But probably it is much higher due to poor control on legal operations Sources: Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency (Ibama, 2005) and Imazon (Lentini et al, 2005)

Few criminal cases completed Source: Brito et al, 2005

Few administrative fines collected Source: Brito et al, in preparation

Problems for effective enforcement Lack of human and financial resources Poor communication among public officials Insuficient laws to force payment of fines Lack of transparency Poor performance of Courts

Other alternatives: market pressure is growing, but it is still very small Source: FSC Brazil, 2005 FSC certified area in the Brazilian Amazon Legality is a minor requirement of importers Source: Imazon (Lentini et al, 2005)

Conclusion Timber exporting is increasing International market demand for legality is small Brazilian Government solutions are not enough FLEGT