C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 1 LAUNCHING THE NATION (1789–1800) Section 1:Laying the Foundations of Government Section 2:Hamilton and National Finances Section 3:Troubles Abroad Section 4:The Gold Rush Section 5:John Adams’s Presidency Chapter 9

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 2 OBJECTIVES  Why did Americans elect George Washington as their first president?  What did Americans expect of the new government?  What steps did Congress and the president take to organize the new government? Section 1: Laying the Foundations of Government

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 3 George Washington George Washington was elected president because of his character, honesty, and patriotism. George Washington was elected president because of his character, honesty, and patriotism. In addition, people felt he would be a good role model. In addition, people felt he would be a good role model. Section 1: Laying the Foundations of Government

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 4 American Expectations of the New Government The Americans expected their government to: protect liberty protect liberty provide a stable economy, provide a stable economy, establish fair tax and trade laws establish fair tax and trade laws grant them the right to settle western land grant them the right to settle western land Section 1: Laying the Foundations of Government

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 5 Steps Taken to Organize the New Government Planning the executive branch and creating the president’s cabinet Planning the executive branch and creating the president’s cabinet Organizing the judicial branch (Judiciary Act of 1789) Organizing the judicial branch (Judiciary Act of 1789) Section 1: Laying the Foundations of Government

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 6 OBJECTIVES  What challenge did Alexander Hamilton face as secretary of the treasury, and what issues did his plans raise?  What issues did Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagree on, and what were their views?  What questions were raised when the Bank of the United States was founded, and what different views did Hamilton and Jefferson have concerning the Bank? Section 2: Hamilton and National Finances

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 7 Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton faced the following challenges and issue: Challenges Challenges paying off the national debt paying off the national debt putting the country on a solid financial footing putting the country on a solid financial footing Issue: value of government bonds Issue: value of government bonds Section 2: Hamilton and National Finances

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 8 Disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson Paying Off Foreign Debt Paying Off Foreign Debt Hamilton – wanted to pay debt immediately and repay full value of bonds Hamilton – wanted to pay debt immediately and repay full value of bonds Jefferson – thought Hamilton’s idea cheated the original bondholders Jefferson – thought Hamilton’s idea cheated the original bondholders Power of the Central Government Power of the Central Government Hamilton – believed in a strong central government Hamilton – believed in a strong central government Jefferson – wanted to protect powers of the state Jefferson – wanted to protect powers of the state Section 2: Hamilton and National Finances

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 9 Disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson Economic Growth Economic Growth Hamilton – favored new forms of economic growth, promoted Manufacturing, business and protective tariffs Hamilton – favored new forms of economic growth, promoted Manufacturing, business and protective tariffs Jefferson – promoted farming and low tariffs Jefferson – promoted farming and low tariffs Section 2: Hamilton and National Finances (continued)

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 10 Concern about Establishing a National Bank The idea of establishing a national bank caused concern because it was not believed that the U.S. Constitution gave Congress this power. Section 2: Hamilton and National Finances

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 11 OBJECTIVES  How did Americans and President Washington respond to events in France?  What policy did Washington follow toward foreign nations?  How did the United States settle its differences with Great Britain and Spain? Section 3: Troubles Abroad

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 12 Neutrality Proclamation Americans had mixed reactions to the French Revolution which led President Washington to issue the Neutrality Proclamation. Americans had mixed reactions to the French Revolution which led President Washington to issue the Neutrality Proclamation. Washington believed that neutrality with countries at war in Europe was the safest plan. Washington believed that neutrality with countries at war in Europe was the safest plan. Section 3: Troubles Abroad Neutrality Proclamation (1793) – statement made by Washington that the U.S. would not side with any of the nations at war in Europe following the French Revolution

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 13 Differences with the United States and Great Britain and Spain were settle by: Jay’s Treaty (1794) – agreement negotiated by John Jay to work out problems between Britain and the U.S. over the western frontier trade in the Caribbean, British seizure of U.S. trips, and debts owed to British merchants. Jay’s Treaty (1794) – agreement negotiated by John Jay to work out problems between Britain and the U.S. over the western frontier trade in the Caribbean, British seizure of U.S. trips, and debts owed to British merchants. Section 3: Troubles Abroad

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 14 Differences with the United States and Great Britain and Spain were settle by: Pickney’s Treaty (1795) – agreement between the U.S. and Spain that changed Florida’s border and made it easier for American ships to use the port of New Orleans. Pickney’s Treaty (1795) – agreement between the U.S. and Spain that changed Florida’s border and made it easier for American ships to use the port of New Orleans. Section 3: Troubles Abroad (continued)

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 15 OBJECTIVES  What domestic problems did the United States face?  What advice did Washington give the nation in his Farewell Address? Section 4: The Gold Rush

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 16 Domestic Problems in the United States Indian Wars Indian Wars Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion Section 4: The Gold Rush

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 17 In Washington’s Farwell Address he urged the nation to: work out its differences work out its differences protect its independence protect its independence Section 4: The Gold Rush

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 18 OBJECTIVES  How did political parties form, and what role did they play in the 1796 presidential election?  What problems with foreign nations did John Adams face during his presidency?  What were the Alien and Sedition Acts, and how did Republicans respond to them?  What were the main issues in the election of 1800, and what were some of its outcomes? Section 5: John Adams’s Presidency

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 19 Political Parties Political parties began to form during Washington’s presidency and influenced voters in the presidential election of Section 5: John Adams’s Presidency

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 20 Problems with Foreign Nations Adams faced a war with France but the war was halted with a treaty in Section 5: John Adams’s Presidency

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 21 Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) – laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at protecting the government for treasonous ideas, actions, and people; used against members of the Democratic-Republican party Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) – laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at protecting the government for treasonous ideas, actions, and people; used against members of the Democratic-Republican party The Republicans responded with the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. The Republicans responded with the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. Section 5: John Adams’s Presidency

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 22 Election of 1800 Issues Issues legality of the Alien and Sedition Acts legality of the Alien and Sedition Acts permanent army permanent army higher taxes higher taxes foreign relations between the U.S. and France foreign relations between the U.S. and France Outcomes Outcomes Republican tie between Jefferson and Burr Republican tie between Jefferson and Burr Twelfth Amendment – 1803 Twelfth Amendment – 1803 weakened Federalists weakened Federalists Section 5: John Adams’s Presidency