Sedimentary Rock 12/4/ pgs IN: Describe how igneous rock is classified. Put your DRW on the box

I GNEOUS R OCK - T EXTURE AND COMPOSITION Texture – where the magma cools Intrusive – coarse grained Extrusive – fine grained

I GNEOUS R OCK - T EXTURE AND COMPOSITION Composition – color Felsic – light colored less dense Mafic – dark colored more dense

H OW DOES SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORM ? 1. Weathering and erosion creates sediment followed by, 2. compaction and cementation forms sedimentary rock.

W EATHERING Wind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity all cause rock to weather into fragments. These small fragments are called sediment.

E ROSION Sediments are transported from one place to another. rivers

C OMPACTION The layers eventually become compacted.

C EMENTATION Dissolved minerals separate out of the water to form a natural glue that binds the sediments together.

Strata - the layers of sedimentary rock that form from the deposition of sediment.

S EDIMENTARY ROCK Form at or near the Earth’s surface. Their physical features tell part of Earth’s history.

S TRATA Sometimes records the motion of wind and water waves.

C OMPOSITION 1. Clastic 2. Chemical 3. Organic

C LASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK Forms when rock or mineral fragments, called clasts, stick together. sandstone Names of clastic sedimentary rock are based on grain size.

C HEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK Forms when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as sea water, to become rock. limestone

O RGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK Forms from the remains of organisms. fossiliferous limestone

T EXTURE Stratification - the layering of rock. Strata differ from one another depending on the kind, size, and color of their sediment.

C ONGLOMERATE Sedimentary rock that resembles concrete. Clastic Coarse-grained

S ANDSTONE Sedimentary rock formed from sand. Clastic Coarse-grained

S HALE Sedimentary rock also known as mudstone. Clastic Fine-grained

F OSSILIFEROUS L IMESTONE Sedimentary rock made from shells and coral. Organic

C OAL Sedimentary rock made from fossilized carbon Organic

OUT: Describe the process by which clastic sedimentary rock forms.