1. Sedimentary Rocks

2. 1. Origins of Sedimentary Rock
Wind, water, ice, sunlight, and gravity all cause rock to physically weather into fragments, called sediments.

3. Sand Sediments

4. Through the process of erosion, these sediments are moved from one place to another.
As new layers form, the older layers become compacted and cemented.

6. 2. Where do Sedimentary Rocks Form?
They form at or near the Earth’s surface.
Read on page 102 under Origins of Sedimentary Rock to find out what the most interesting feature of a sedimentary rock is……….

7. Strata
The most noticeable feature of a sedimentary rock are its layers, or strata. A single, horizontal layer of rock is sometimes visible for many miles!
The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States in the state of Arizona.

8. Strata
Sedona, Arizona

9. 3. Compostion of Sedimentary Rock
Please look on page 103 of your textbook. What are the three classifications of a Sedimentary Rock?
Clastic
Chemical
Organic

10. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
This rock is made of rocks cemented together by a mineral such as calcite or quartz. (Calcite & quartz act as a cement.)
They can have course-grained, medium-grained, or fine-grained textures.

11. Clastic – example: Conglomerate
Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock that contains large (greater than two millimeters in diameter) rounded clasts. The space between the clasts is generally filled with smaller particles and/or a chemical cement that binds the rock together.

13. B. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
These rocks form from solutions of dissolved minerals and water.
Some of this dissolved material eventually crystallizes and forms the minerals that make up chemical sedimentary rock.
Halite is one type of chemical sedimentary rock….AKA table salt.

14. C. Organic Sedimentary Rocks
Most limestone forms from the remains, or fossils, of animals that once lived in the ocean.
Corals are not the only animals whose remains are found in fossiliferous limestone.
Clams and oysters
also form fossiliferous
limestone.

15. Sedimentary Rocks: Organic
Another type of organic sedimentary rock is coal and coal forms underground when partially decomposed plant material is buried.

16. 4. Sedimentary Rock Structures
Stratification- the process in which sedimentary rocks are built up in layers.
(Strata are the
actual layers.)
Haha! 
Get it??? “Rock
Stratification??”

17. Ripple Marks
Ripple marks- marks on rocks that record the motion of wind and water waves on lakes, oceans, rivers, and sand dunes.

18. Mud Cracks
Form when fine grained sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to air and dry out.
They indicate an ancient lake, stream, or ocean shoreline.