{ Study Guide: Test 1 Write down the ones you do not know and study them tonight!

What is the theme, or central idea, of “Through the Tunnel”? an individual’s struggle to achieve difficult goals

  Which of the following quotations from the story best illustrates Jerry’s internal conflict? “All night the boy dreamed of the waterfilled cave in the rock, and as soon as breakfast was over he went to the bay.”

  Jerry’s mother feels that it is important to allow Jerry some independence.

  What feelings motivate Jerry’s resolution to swim through the tunnel? shame at his childishness and fear

  An action that demonstrates Jerry’s internal conflict is obeying his mother’s request that he not swim for the day.

  Jerry’s preparations to swim the tunnel are determined and planned

  Before Jerry gets up the nerve to swim the tunnel, he trains himself to hold his breath for two minutes underwater.

  At the end of the story, Jerry feels. excited and proud.

  By the end of the story, Jerry has lost interest in the cave because he knows he has attained his goal

 Two symbols from “Through the Tunnel” and what they stand for are: The safe beach = youth The wild bay = adulthood

  At the end of Act One, the hero commits to leaving the Ordinary World and entering a new region or condition with unfamiliar rules and values. Crossing the Threshold

  The hero is tested and sorts out allegiances in the Special World. Tests, Allies, and Enemies

 . The hero returns home or continues the journey, bearing some element of the treasure that has the power to transform the world as the hero has been transformed. Return with the Elixir

  The hero takes possession of the treasure won by facing death. There may be danger of losing the treasure again. The Reward

  Something shakes up the situation, either from external pressures or from something rising up from deep within, so the hero must face the beginning of change. The Call to Adventure

  The hero feels the fear of the unknown and tries to turn away from the adventure, however briefly. Refusal of the Call

  The hero comes across a seasoned traveler of the worlds who gives him training, equipment, or advice. Meeting with the Mentor

  Sara went to pick up some groceries for Tom and _________. ME!!!

  When Jessica spoke with Tina and ________, she mentioned that she would be late to the party. ME!!!!

 Greek heroes were often: Demigods

 Old English heroes were part of a: Warrior Culture

 Renaissance heroes were the: Universal Human

 Romantic Heroes were: Mysterious

 Early American Heroes were: Pioneers

 Plot Diagram – Exposition: Main Characters: Mom and Jerry Setting: A beach in the past Jerry is trying to gain independence.

 Plot diagram – Rising Action: Jerry practices holding his breath

 Plot diagram – Climax: Jerry swims through the tunnel

 Plot diagram – falling action: Jerry goes back to the villa to dry his tears and wipe the blood away

 Plot diagram – Resolution: Jerry tells his mom that he no longer wants to go to the bay

 Homer was a Blind Greek poet

 What is a minstrel? Someone who travels and tells stories to make a living

 What was “oral tradition”? Passing stories down verbally from generation to generation (these stories are not written)

 Why is it important for us to understand Greek values? It helps us understand the characters’ motives

 What is reciprocity? A mutual exchange between two people

 What is the foremost rule of ancient Greek hospitality? Treat all guests with respect

 The ancient Greeks believed that their actions should: Please the gods

 What is hubris? Extreme arrogance or self pride. It is the fatal flaw of many Greek characters

 An epic is a long narrative ________ Poem

 Epic poems address what types of concerns? Universal

 Epic poems focus on the adventures of what types of heroes? Legendary or historical

 Where is the setting of an epic poem? In MANY different locations

 The story is ___________ and written in a _________ language. Simple; formal

 What is a classical allusion? A reference to mythology

 What is an epithet? A short descriptive phrase that characterizes a person, place, or thing

 What two types of things does a Homeric simile compare? Epic events to everyday events

 The epic that precedes the Odyssey is the Iliad

 What does “squall” mean? A sudden violent wind often with rain or snow

 What are exploits? Notable deeds (especially for heroism)

 What does clambered mean? To climb awkwardly

 What does stalwart mean? Strong and brave

 What does squalid mean? Foul and repulsive, as from a lack of care or cleanliness