1. The Literary Epic
The Epic of Gilgamesh

2. The Literary Epic
The epic poem is a long, narrative poem detailing the adventure of journey of an epic hero.
Early epics are the result of oral tradition and have eventually been written down after a number of years.
The authors of the first epics are unknown due to oral tradition.
Overtime, what is known as secondary epic style developed, and authors went to great lengths to epics in the style of early epic poems.

3. Characteristics of Epic Poems
Initially intended to be sung or recited much like music today.
Generated by times of struggle and adventure
- Trojan War served as inspiration for
Homer’s epics.
Epic hero is larger than life even though he possesses normal human characteristics.
His personality and abilities are more super than those of the everyday man.

4. Design of Epic Poem Has clear set up and design.
Poem begins with an invocation which calls a muse or god to inspire divine intervention while telling a tale.
In the invocation, the subject and the epic question are introduced.

5. Language of Epic Poem Epic’s language is literary and elevated.
The language is used by all (from king to servant) even though epic rarely details lives of servants.
Epic conventions include:
- the invocation
- the epic question
- the epic or Homeric simile
- the epithet
- the confrontation between two adversaries
- the element of “in medias res” (in midst of action)
- a battle or combat

6. Language of the Epic Cont’d.
Essentially the poem begins in the middle or during the action.
Audience learns background information and details as epic progresses.
Simile is much like the literary simile using “like” or “as”; however, epic simile is full of description and helps the action alone while building suspense.

7. The Epic Hero
Not unlike the tragic hero in that he is born to greatness or into leadership.
Often of divine descent; endowed with great strength or ability.
Epic heroes are referred to as “he” because the epic hero is the central male character in the epic itself.
Main focus is dangerous activity; war or battle over an evil force

8. Epic Hero Continued Epic hero is someone we want fighting on our side.
He is cunning, resourceful, instinctive, and skilled.
He works well under pressure
He is the leader of those around him.
These skills are magnified and shown to be glorious as the hero saves the day.

9. Epic Hero Continued Epic hero is not without fault.
Often has excessive pride (hubris) and is not afraid to sing his own praises.
Although respected, is not always likeable.
Blinded by his own praises, hero seeks to enhance reputation by taking on foolish battles to add to his list of achievements
May put not only himself, but others around him in risk of danger
This makes victory even more glorious and his people more grateful.

10. Archetypal or Epic Hero Characteristics
Unusual circumstances of birth; sometimes in danger or born to royalty.
An event, sometimes traumatic, leads to adventure or quest.
Hero has supernatural help.
The Hero must prove himself many times while on adventure.
When hero dies, he is rewarded spiritually.

11. Elements of Epic and Epic Cycle
The journey is the key element.
Hero must possess supernatural abilities or powers.
Hero is charged with quest that challenges and tests his abilities and worthiness as a leader.
The presence of helpers, companions, and mythical animals or creatures during journey.
Travels of the hero will take him to a supernatural world from which ordinary humans are barred.
Cycle reaches a low point when we think hero has been defeated.
In the end, hero resurrects himself and regains his rightful place.
After journey is over, there is a message or lesson the quester must learn.