Creative Writing Week Two  Review: p.2-p.5 (poetry)  Homework and discussion  Metaphor and metonymy  Robert Frost: p.6-p.8

Poetry Aesthetic quality/ notional and semantic content Musical and incantatory Poetry  make, create Sound: EX. Alliteration

Catachresis Figure of association in which a highly unusual or outlandish comparison is made between two things. This figure moves beyond a metaphor by degrees the language used for comparative purposes is strikingly at odds with conventional usage.

Evaluation of catachresis The use of a word in a context that differs from its proper application. This figure is generally considered a vice; however, Quintilian defends its use as a way by which one adapts existing terms to applications where a proper term does not exist.

The elbow of his nose? In this example, what is meant is conveyed through a misapplication of one part of the body to another. As one said that disliked a picture with a crooked nose, "The elbow of his nose is disproportionable" —J. Smith

Making a connection Conceptual integration--also known as "blending" or "mental binding"--is a basic mental operation whose uniform structural and dynamic properties apply over many areas of thought and action, including metaphor and metonymy.

Life is a game/ A game is live! 1. Game  playground  paradise  angels  stars  ___________  _____________  2. A game is live  silver memory  sky  _______  ___________  ________

metaphor A comparison made by referring to one thing as another. Examples No man is an island —John Donne For ever since that time you went away I've been a rabbit burrowed in the wood — Maurice Sceve Life is a beach. Who captains the ship of state?

Your Metaphors English English Music Music Homework Homework Words Words Computers Computers Morning Morning

The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Robert Frost  Listen to the poem  B7C000C07030D76 B7C000C07030D76  Read it again and again.  Give your comments or response.  Share your ideas with classmates.

1 Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

2 Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,

3 And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

4 I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I– I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

metaphor Woods Roads Traveler “Less traveled by”

Travel.. Travel  stood  step  doubted  come back - -> sigh Diverge  both  one / the other  fair  the same  made all the difference Long  ages and ages

Verbs/ adjectives Looked down  in the undergrowth Sorry  the better claim  doubt Yellow  grassy  fair  better  trodden black

羅伯特‧弗羅斯特 (ROBERT FROST) 未選擇的路 The Road Not Taken

1 黃葉林中出條岔路， 無奈一人難於兼顧， 順著一條婉蜒小路， 久久佇立極目遠眺， 只見小徑拐進灌木。 Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

2 接著選擇了另一條， 同樣清楚似乎更好， 引人踩踏鋪滿茂草， 踏在其間難分彼此， 儘管真有兩條道。 Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,

3 清晨裏躺著兩條路， 一樣葉被無人踏髒， 願將第一條來日補， 但知條條相連遠途， 懷疑日後怎能回返。 Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,

4 在很久以後某一地， 我將歎息訴說於人， 兩路岔開在樹林裏， 我選的那條足跡稀， 而一切差別由此起 。 I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I– I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

林 潔 黃色的樹林中分出兩條道， 可惜我不能兩條都選。 一人豈能同行兩條道， 我久立而難前。 放眼朝一條道望去， 直到轉角擋住了視野。 再看第二條路，同樣佳美， 也許還有更好的得著， 因它草綠待踏。 儘管那另一條道， 差不多同樣候人踏上。

那日清晨兩條路同在眼前 都是落葉未經腳步踏 哦，下一次再試那第一條吧！ 但心裡深知一路通一路，越踏越深， 我疑惑應否回返原地。 我會以嘆息傳告此舉 在許久、許久的未來： 兩條道在樹林中分叉而出，我－－ 我選中了那條少人行走的路， 它因此帶來了全然不同的結局。

Homework Reading: p.9-11 writing practice (I): _____/ And that has made all the difference. writing practice (II): metaphors to describe (1) university (2) freedom Read more by/about Emily Dickinson Compare two Chinese translation of “The Road Not Taken.”