Geographic reference analysis for geographic document querying F.Bilhaut, T.Charnois, P.Enjalbert & Y.Mathet {bilhaut, charnois, enjalbert, GREYC, CNRS UMR 6072 University of Caen

The "GéoSem" project Passage extraction from geographical documents From a query to a ranked set of passages Queries are concerned with : - time - phenomenon - space

Excerpt from "Hérin" corpus From 1965 to 1985, the number of high-school students has increased by 70%, but at different rythms and intensities depending on academies and departments. Lower in South-West and Massif Central, moderate in Brittany and Paris, the rise has been considerable in Mid-West and Alsace. […] Also occurs the schooling duration increase which was more important in departments where, in the middle of the 60's, study continuation after primary school was far from beeing systematic.

Excerpt from "Hérin" corpus From 1965 to 1985, the number of high-school students has increased by 70%, but at different rythms and intensities depending on academies and departments. Lower in South-West and Massif Central, moderate in Brittany and Paris, the rise has been considerable in Mid-West and Alsace. […] Also occurs the schooling duration increase which was more important in departments where, in the middle of the 60's, study continuation after primary school was far from beeing systematic. Time

Excerpt from "Hérin" corpus From 1965 to 1985, the number of high-school students has increased by 70%, but at different rythms and intensities depending on academies and departments. Lower in South-West and Massif Central, moderate in Brittany and Paris, the rise has been considerable in Mid-West and Alsace. […] Also occurs the schooling duration increase which was more important in departments where, in the middle of the 60's, study continuation after primary school was far from beeing systematic. TimePhenomenon

Excerpt from "Hérin" corpus From 1965 to 1985, the number of high-school students has increased by 70%, but at different rythms and intensities depending on academies and departments. Lower in South-West and Massif Central, moderate in Brittany and Paris, the rise has been considerable in Mid-West and Alsace. […] Also occurs the schooling duration increase which was more important in departments where, in the middle of the 60's, study continuation after primary school was far from beeing systematic. TimePhenomenonSpace

Queries Which passages address educational difficulties in west of France in the 50's ? Which passages address variations of the number of pupils in rural areas ? Which passages address Calvados district?

Queries Which passages address educational difficulties in west of France in the 50's? Which passages address variations of the number of pupils in Paris area? Which passages address Calvados district?

Some Signifiant Spatial Expressions Paris in north of France from south of Loire Some seabord towns The quarter of The districts in north of France Fifteen All Some seabord towns of Normandy The most rural districts situated from south of Loire

The type "zone" a georeferenced area anchored in a named place Paris in north of France Normandy From Normandy to Alsace from south of Loire

The ‘LocGeo’ type Quant Type Zone qualification administrative Position named geo. entity The quarter of / districts in north of France Fifteen / All / Some seabordtowns of Normandy The most ruraldistricts situated from south of Loire Some seabord towns  The canonical form: [quantification]+[type]+[zone]

The ‘LocGeo’ type Quant Type Zone qualification administrative Position named geo. entity The quarter of / districts in north of France Fifteen / All / Some seabordtowns of Normandy The most ruraldistricts situated from south of Loire Some seabord towns quant type zone

Semantic Representation « Paris » zone: loc: internal egn: coord: ty_zone: town nom: Paris Long: Lat:

Semantic Representation « Some seabord towns in north of Normandy » locgeo: quant: type: zone: type: relative ty_zone: town geo: seabord nom: Normandy ty_zone: region loc: internal position: north egn:

Implementation and (first) Results  A tokenisation and a morphological analysis  A DCG to perform altogether syntactic and semantic analysis the grammar contains 160 rules an internal lexical base of 200 entries a gazetteer of named places (France)  9OO expressions recognised and analysed from a geographical corpus (200 text pages)  Good results but a precise and quantitative evaluation to be done

Semantic matching : Why ? a query corpora Text A Text B […] the northern half of France […] […] the south of a Bordeaux-Genève line […] "Which passages address Paris ?" […] In Paris and Toulouse […] […] In Ile de France region […] 1 3 2

Semantic matching : How ? Spatial compatibility : Is the zone denoted by the passage spatially compatible with the one of the query? (is there, at least, an intersection?) Relevance degree : if this zone is compatible, how relevant is it w.r.t.the query? - probability - granularity

Compatibility computation Q1) Which passages address Paris ? P1) […] the capital city […] P2) […] big cities in France. P3) […] the northern half of France […] P4) […] South of a Bordeaux-Genève line. YES NO gazetteer gazetteer + computation gis+computation

"the northern half of France"

"the south of a Bordeaux-Genève line"

Relevance degree (1) Quantification Query= "Calvados" (french district) P1= "The quarter of districts in north of France" P2= "All districts in north of France" P3= "Some districts in north of France" P4= "Fifteen districts in north of France" r=25% r=100% r=i/n=5/52=9.6% r=i/n=15/52=29% GIS rank

Relevance degree (2) Granularity "Basse Normandie" "Calvados" ’the northern half of France’ "Caen" country region district city "zone"

locgeo(locgeo:(det:Det..type:Type..Zone)) --> #prep, det(Det), type(Type), zone(Zone). det(Sem) --> [X],{lexique(X,[X|R],det,Sem)}. type(X) --> typeQualif(X). type(ty_zone:N) --> nomtype(N). typeQualif(ty_zone:N..Q) --> option, nomtype(N), #prep, qualif(Q). nomtype(Sem) --> [X], {lexique(X,[X|R],nom,Sem)}. zone(X)--> egn(X). egn(egn:(ty_zone:T..nom:Y..coord:C)) --> --> ls_lexiconExtDCG(np, type_sem:egn..type_zone:T..nom:Y..coord:C ). egn(egn:(ty_zone:T..nom:Y)) --> [X],{lexique(X,[X|R],np, type_sem:egn..type_zone:T..nom:Y)}.

lexique(quelque,[quelque],det,type_sem:relatif..type:relatif_qualifie..nb:'qualitatif:faible'). lexique(tout,[tout,le],det,type_sem:exhaustif). lexique(région,[région],nom,type_sem:zone(administrative)..nom_zone:région). lexique(ville,[ville],nom,type_sem:zone(administrative)..nom_zone:ville). Lexique('Bretagne',['Bretagne'], np,type_sem:egn..type_zone:région..nom:'Bretagne').