Michigan Department of Corrections Electronic Monitoring Program

History of Electronic Monitoring in Michigan Late 1980’s – Radio Frequency (RF) 1998 - Truth in Sentencing Legislation 2002 - Sobrietor July 2004 - Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring (S.C.R.A.M.) January 2007 – Global Positioning System (GPS)

Radio Frequency

Radio Frequency In use in Michigan since late 1980’s. “House Arrest” - determines if the offender is in range. Can tell when an offender leaves their home. Population in the community was as high as 3,200 in the mid 1990’s.

Radio Frequency - Cellular Technology

Truth In Sentencing Legislation passed in 1998 which required those convicted of committing assaultive crimes after 12/15/1998, and all other crimes after 12/15/2000, to serve their minimum sentence prior to being eligible for parole. Effectively began the end of the Community Residential Program (CRP) for the MDOC.

Sobrietor

Sobrietor In use in Michigan since 2002. Uses voice recognition from template established during enrollment to confirm offender is taking the test. Has internal sensors to determine if equipment is removed from the face between the voice recognition test and the actual test. Uses fuel cell technology to determine alcohol content of deep lung breath sample. “Snap shot” reading to determine if offender has alcohol in their system at that point in time.

Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring (S.C.R.A.M.)

S.C.R.A.M. In use in Michigan since July 2004. Provides 24/7 monitoring of alcohol use only. Passive reporting. Measures transdermal vapors for alcohol content. Uses absorption and burn-off rates to determine alcohol consumption v. outside substance (e.g. alcohol based medication).

Global Positioning System (GPS) Miniature Tracking Device (MTD) Base Unit Transmitter

GPS In use in Michigan since January 2007. Primary piece of GPS equipment in use. Allows MDOC to contact offender through text messages. The offender carries the Miniature Tracking Device (MTD) which captures the GPS signal. The GPS signal points are downloaded once per hour through cellular technology built into the device, unless alert behavior is reported. Alert behavior is immediately reported to the hosting site. Points are recorded once a minute, except when a violation is reported. Violation points are recorded every fifteen seconds. The bracelet is used to keep the offender within range of the MTD. If the offender leaves range of the MTD a violation is reported. The MTD battery is charged by placing the MTD in the base unit. The battery charge for the MTD is 16 – 20 hours after being in the base unit for four hours.

Global Positioning System (One Piece Tracking Device)

One Piece GPS Newer technology which is only used in specific residential treatment programs. Does not allow MDOC to contact offender other than through flashing lights. Very few in use at this time.

GPS Images

GPS Challenges Very labor intensive for agents to review all offender maps every day. MDOC is trying to limit caseload sizes in order to make agent duties more manageable. Offenders don’t want to be tracked and attempt to defeat the tracking system (e.g. Motion No GPS alerts) – no “chip in their head”.

Legislation Requiring GPS Criminal Sexual Conduct 1st Degree 25 years incarceration followed by Lifetime GPS. Criminal Sexual Conduct 2nd Degree Victim under 13, perpetrator over 17, up to 15 years incarceration followed by Lifetime GPS. Aggravated Stalking Must be on GPS entire term of parole.

Assisting Law Enforcement CrimeTrax allows us to determine if any offender wearing a GPS device was in a specific area at a specific time. Allows law enforcement to either zero in on an offender or dismiss an offender as a suspect. Requires the date, time, and address of an offense. Can be a window timeframe (e.g. between 0600 and 1100). Will let us know if any offenders are in violation status at the time as well. (e.g. If an offender was not carrying the MTD at the time and would therefore not appear to be at the scene of the crime.)

Electronic Monitoring Center Provides 24/7/365 day monitoring services for all offenders on electronic monitoring. Monitoring programs currently in use – GPS, Radio Frequency (RF), SCRAM. Handles all LEIN functions for MDOC – confirms warrants for law enforcement, enters/cancels warrants for parole absconders and prison escapes), places parole detainers.

Contact Information Greg Roach, Manager Electronic Monitoring Program (517) 334-7370 roachgl@michigan.gov Will Rogers, Operations Manager Electronic Monitoring Center (517) 334-7371 rogersws@michigan.gov EMC GPS Lead Agents Mike Bowker (517) 334-7436 bowkerms@michigan.gov Candace Hill (517) 334-7243 hillcb2@michigan.gov Tara Lapham (Metro Detroit area) (313) 972-3189 laphamtl@michigan.gov Jessica Spencer (517) 334-7278 spencej1@michigan.gov