26.3 The Cold War at Home Lesson Objective: To understand why the fear of Communism swept the nation Essential Question: How should a democracy react to internal dissent?

Key Terms HUAC Hollywood Ten Blacklist McCarran Act Alger Hiss Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Senator Joseph McCarthy McCarthyism

Key Dates March 1947 – Truman initiates the Loyalty Review Board September Hollywood Ten August Alger Hiss Trial September 1949 – Soviet’s explode first atomic weapon February 1950 – McCarthy makes first accusations September McCarran Act June Rosenbergs are executed April Army-McCarthy hearings May Sen. Joseph McCarthy dies

Fear of Communist Influence Loyalty Review Board Response to anti-communists Republicans – /3.2 million were fired 2,900 resigned in protest The accused were not allowed to see the evidence against them HUAC Define: Congressional Committee Investigated Communism in the movie Industry Many had been members of the Communist party prior to the cold war War propaganda films were produced during WWII used as evidence The Hollywood Ten “unfriendly” testimony to HUAC Charged with contempt and sent to jail Blacklisting McCarran Act

Spy Cases Stun the Nation Alger Hiss Accused by a former communist spy He was convicted of perjury – to late to be convicted of spying Made Richard Nixon a young republican congressman famous for prosecuting him Julius and Ethel Rosenberg After successful detonation of the soviet bomb- much sooner than expected Spying had to have been the only way it happened Little evidence to convict- were convicted anyway Had appealed decision Went to Supreme court- got blamed for Korea Justices refused to overturn conviction Executed June 1953 After cold war ended new evidence from USSR reveals that both were guilty

Congressman Richard Nixon 1948

Alger Hiss

McCarthy’s Witch Hunt Ineffective Senator looking for a re-election issue Wheeling Republican Women’s Speech 205 communist in the State Department Never had evidence or even any names Accused various groups and people of being communists He never actually had any evidence Democrats guilty of treason for allowing communist infiltration Downfall In 1954 accused high ranking army officers of being communists Televised senatorial hearings McCarthy bullied witnesses and lost much of his national support Censured by the Senate Died three years later from the effects of alcoholism What were the effects of McCarthyism?

26.3 Quiz 1.Alger Hiss 2.Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 3.Hollywood Ten 4.Joseph McCarthy 5.HUAC a)Led investigations into communists in the film industry b)Convicted and executed for spying c)His spying case made Richard Nixon a star d)Blacklisted from the film industry e)Downfall came after accusing members of the Army of spying f) British physicist that revealed the Ethel and Julius Rosenberg as spies