Early Medieval Art A.D. EC, Byzantine, Early Medieval= 5-10% of AP Art History Exam

Middle Ages consist of 3 periods 1.Early Medieval (5 th – 11 th centuries) 2.Romanesque (11 th – 12 th centuries) 3.Gothic (mid 12 th – 15 th centuries)

Early Medieval Tribes Germanic Franks Visigoths Ostrogoths Saxons Norse Celts

Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo Ship

Animal-head post from Oseberg ship burial

Durrow Gospels Each has a carpet page Each is meant to divide book Ink and tempera on parchment Tonsure hair style

Lindisfarne Gospel

Cross page from Lindisfarne

Chi-Rho page from Book of Kells, 800 A.D.

High Cross of Muiredach

Carolingian Period (9 th c) Learning Renovatio Art Portrait statues 91/2”

Palace Chapel of Charlemagne

Model of Charlemagne's Palace

St. Matthew, from the Gospel Book of Charlemagne

St. Mark, from Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims

Lindau Gospel: St Gall 9 th c

St Gall: St Gallen, Switzerland St Gallus founded Benedictine Abbey under an abbot Follow regula sanctus benedictus work and study not meditate Raised the concept of manual labor Scriptorium Monasteries were the schools

St Gall Plan commissioned by Haito, bishop of Basel Separate monks from laity Cloister reserved for monks alone Module of 2/1 for layout Basilica with transcept;crossing square

Ottonian Period (10 th c) Eastern end of Charlemagne’s empire after treaty of Verdun Otto I crowned emperor of Rome Held off Viking and Magyar advances Christian church reorganized after great monastic reform of Ottonians

Architecture Built basilicas with towering spires and westwork Best preserved is ST Cyriakus at Gernrode Transcept, square choir in front of apse Nave is first to incorporate gallery which seem to serve no function Alternate support system with piers and columns

St Cyrikias, Gernrode

ST Michael’s Hildesheim Bishop Bernwald=tutor of Otto III and builder AD Double transcept, tower groupings and westwork (some Roman basilicas had 2 apses and entrances on the side) Modular system 3X1

St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany

Section plan of St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany Visited Rome 11 th c abbey church 1X2 ratio

Hildesheim Doors

16’ high 8 panels on each side Bronze Each door a single piece Original sin to redemption Early Christianity Old Testament seen as prefiguration of New

Bishop Bernwald 7 spiral bands Life of Christ Missing scenes from doors Renovatio imperii Romani

Gero Crucifix, Cologne(10 th c) Christ 6’2” Patron archibishop Gero Oak gilded Reliquary (host in back of head) Halo? Byzantine or early Christian?

UTA Codex Patron was Uta abbess of Niedermunster Uta brought reforms to convent Near the end of her life gave the codes to nunnery. It contained illuminated pages with gospel readings in a gold and enamel case

Uta is superimposed

Anunciation to the Shepherds, Roman? or Byzantine?

Otto III Enthroned Receiving Homage of four parts of the Empire, from Gospel Book of Otto III AD

Moses Receiving the Law & Doubting Thomas