The whole ________ is made of ______and ____________. planet rocks minerals

 A mineral is a _____ substance--it is ___________ all the way through.  That means that a mineral is either an _________or a _____________.  All rocks are made of two or more _________. pure the same element compound minerals

 _________________ are minerals that have had enough room to develop into the shape they were meant to be. Crystals Quartz crystals from Arkansas

 The chemicals that make up a mineral determine the ____________ of the ______________ it forms. shape crystals Copper sulfate crystals. /coppersulfate.jpg

Earth Cross-Section Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust

Earth Cross-Section

 Earth’s ________ is made up of rocks and minerals.  Much of the crust is covered by ___________, ________, _________and _______.  If you dig deep enough, you will always hit rocks. crust liquid water soilsand ice

 The crust includes all the soil _________.  The crust is less than ____ of the total mass of Earth. horizons 1%

Earth Cross-Section

 The mantle makes up about _______ of Earth’s mass.  The mantle is the _____ casing of the Earth.  ______________comes from the __________. solid 70% Some magma mantle

Earth Cross-Section

 ___________ is ______, ___________ is _______.  ______________ comes from the __________.  Made mainly of _______ and ________.  Makes up about ___ of Earth’s mass. Inner coresolid outer coreliquid iron nickel Some magma outer core 30%

Constant ___________________ of material in ______________________ recycling Earth’s crust

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1._____________ rock - molten rock that cools and solidifies. Igneous

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2._______________rock - layers of rock fragments that were compressed and cemented together. They often contain __________. Sedimentary fossils

3.________________ rocks – igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been compressed and heated _______________________. MARBLE Metamorphic without melting

Igneous rocks form when hot ______________ rock cools and changes into a __________. This __________ rock is called __________. liquid solid molten magma

The process of ___________ changing into ___________ is called _____________. melted rock solid rock solidification cnsm.csulb.edu uraniumminerals.comkeith.martin.home.att.net

There are ________ main types of igneous rock, depending on _________________ _______. two where the magma cools

________ igneous rocks: ______ cools somewhere inside Earth’s _______. This type of rock cools off very _______. Intrusive magma crust slowly

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________ igneous rocks: magma ______ from a ________ and cools ________ on the _________. Extrusive erupts volcano quickly surface

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Igneous rocks usually contain _________. crystals

Crystals are ______ if the magma cooled _______. They are ______ if the magma cooled _______. large slowly small quickly

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Crystal Cave of Giants Largest Crystals Ever Found On Earth Discovered in Mexico

Because of the high heat, igneous rocks ______ contain _______. never fossils

Sedimentary rocks form when __________ bits of existing rocks erode and combine with decomposing organic matter. This mixture is called ______________. sediment weathered

Sediments are carried into bodies of water and pile up on top of each other over millions of years.

When sediments are dropped off into bodies of water, this process is called __________. deposition

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Their own weight plus the weight of the water above them causes __________ to build up. pressure The _________ squeezes out the water and compresses the sediments together. pressure This process is called _________________. compaction

fossils Sometimes, organic matter forms ________.

The sediments bond together into sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is usually built up in _________ which are visible when you examine a rock sample. layers This process is called _______________ cementation

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Metamorphic rocks form when ________ or ____________ rocks are _________ by _________ and _____ but ________ ________. igneoussedimentary changed pressureheat without melting

An existing rock may heat up if it comes near _________. magma

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A rock may also get heat and pressure if a section of Earth’s crust moves over it. These sections of crust are called __________________. tectonic plates

Metamorphic rocks usually contain _________ and may be _____ and _____. They sometimes ______ into ______. crystals hard shiny flake layers

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Metamorphic rocks have the same ____________________ as the rocks they were made from. chemical make-up

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COMMON USES OF ROCKS Rock TypeExampleUseExampleUse Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Granite Pumice CoalLimestone MarbleSlate Countertops Sculpture Tombstones Soap Toothpaste Erasers Energy Fingernail Polish Steel Improve soils Gravel Buildings Countertops Sculpture Paper Roofing Blackboards Knife Sharpening DRAW THIS CHART ON THE BACK OF YOUR NOTES