APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War Ch 15: Reconstruction   A. The Problems of Peace 1. 4 main ques. After war 2. How would S be rebuilt? 2. How to deal w/ ex-slaves? 2. How to reintegrate S states? 2. Who would control recon? 2. Confed leaders? End of soc and eco sys B. Unfettered Freedom 1. What to do w/ blacks? 2. Freedom? C. Johnson: The Tailor Pres. Humble beginnings 1. Appointed war gov 1. 1864 - appointed VP 1. Champion of states’ rights D. The Freedman’s Bureau 1. Help former slaves 1. S resented bureau E. Presidential Reconstruction 1. Lincoln 2. S should not be punished 1. Congress 2. Radical plan 2. Lincoln pocket vetoes 1. Johnson 2. Planters pardoned F. The Baleful Black Codes 1. S restores race relations G. Congressional Reconstruction 1. Stronger New south = 2. Demos control cong.? 2. S ignores fed laws? H. Johnson Clashes w/ Congress 1. Cong tries to curb S 2. 14th amend 2. No black voting 2. Deny ex-confed offices 2. No repud of confed debt VOCABULARY Scalawag Carpetbagger Freedmen’s Bureau Oliver O. Howard “10 percent” plan Wade-Davis Bill Radical republicans Black codes 14th Amendment Civil Rights Bill Thaddeus Stevens Military Reconstruction 15th Amendment Hiram Revels Ex Parte Milligan Ku Klux Klan Force Acts Tenure of Office Act Seward’s Folly

1. Describe the central action of this image. (Answer: three generations of an African-American family look at the photographer as a white man arrives in a horse-drawn cart.) 2. Consider the positive and negative attributes of sharecropping. (Answer: for freedmen this system provided an opportunity to work land, in hopes of turning a profit, but without the social controls that slavery had created and enforced [the foreman, the restrictions on marriage, fears of being sold away from family members]; inability of freedmen to afford their own land left their families at the constant mercy of the landlord and the strength of the cotton harvest.) 3. What does the presence of a white man in this image indicate to us about sharecropping in the post-Civil War South? (Answer: sharecropping, like slavery, was a relationship between land owners and laborers in the South that contributed to further disharmony between the races; an inherently unequal relationship between he who owned the land and those who worked it; law was always on the side of the white landlord.)

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War I. Swinging around the Circle 1. Cong elec – 1866 J. Republican Principles 1. Now Cong can override veto   K. Reconstruction by the Sword 1. Military Reconstruction Act 1. Martial law – resented L. Realities of Recon in the South 1. Despite 15th, disenfranchised 1. White control 2. Scalawags 2. Carpetbaggers 1. Redeemer govs 2. Bad = graft 2. Good = reforms M. Ku Klux Klan 1. S reaction 1. Force Acts of 1870-71 1. Disenfran through fraud N. Johnson and Impeachment 1. Cong tries to oust Johnson 2. Created fiction O. Purchase of Alaska 1. Foreign relations 2. 1867 –Alaska P. Heritage of Reconstruction 1. S - Recon worse than war 2. Much resentment 2. No free blacks or recon S Q. The Bloody Shirt 1. Post civil war 2. Disillusionment 1. Grant 2. Pop hero R. Era of Good Stealings 1. Rapid pop growth 2. 27% b/w 1865-70 1. US lacks moral leadership 1. Businesses = corr VOCABULARY Scalawag Carpetbagger Freedmen’s Bureau Oliver O. Howard “10 percent” plan Wade-Davis Bill Radical republicans Black codes 14th Amendment Civil Rights Bill Thaddeus Stevens Military Reconstruction 15th Amendment Hiram Revels Ex Parte Milligan Ku Klux Klan Force Acts Tenure of Office Act Seward’s Folly

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War S. Carnival of Corruption 1. Tweed Ring 1. Grant - spoils 1. Credit Mobilier - 1867-68 1. 1875 - Whiskey Ring 1. 1876 - Belknap scandal   T. Liberal Republican 1872 1. Lib faction 2. Idealistic 2. Lib and Demo nom Greeley Rep feared lib split U. Demands for Inflation 1. G hurt by Panic of 1873 2. War inflat/ Indus spec 1. Debtors want inflation 2. Greenbacks 1. “Hard money” advocates win 2. Resumption Act of 1875 1. Debate over silver 2. 1873 - Comstock Lode 1. Grant’s bad politics/sound $ 2. Less specie but more credit V. Pallid Politics 1. Few issues sep parties 2. Both = spoils/party loyal W. Hayes-Tilden Standoff 1. Rutherford Hayes 1. Samuel Tilden X. Compromise of 1877 1. Electoral Count Act 1. Comp 2. Remove troops 2. Patronage for Demo 2. Subsid a S Trans RR 1. No troops to protect freedmen 2. Failed Civ Rights Act 1875 1. S suppress blacks 2. Sharecropping VOCABULARY Laissez-faire Jim Fisk/Jay Gould Tweed Ring Credit Mobilier Whiskey Ring Horace Greeley Resumption Act Bland-Allison Act “Half-breeds” James G. Blaine Civil Service Reform Plessy v. Ferguson Chinese Exclusionary Act Kearneyite Pendleton Act Civil Service Mulligan letters Mugwumps Pension Bureau Sharecropping

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War Y. Integrity on the Potomac 1. Hayes 2. Won through a deal 2. High ideals 1. Problems 2. Labor disputes 2. Depression since 1873 1. Racial troubles 2. 1880 - 75000 Asian immig   Z. The Garfield Interlude 1. James A. Garfield - 1880 - Ohio 2. Dark horse 2. VP - Chester A. Arthur 1. Tragedy 2. 9/19/1881 - G shot AA. Arthur Takes Command 1. Answers call for civ serv ref 1. Unintentional conseq of reform 2. Shifted corrupt to bus BB. Mudslingers of 1884 1. 1884 - Blaine - Rep nom 2. “Mulligan letters” 2. Mugwumps 1. Mudslinging 2. Campaign rested on NY CC. “Old Grover” Takes Over 1. Cleveland 2. 1st demo since 1856 1. Not a smooth politician 2. Success came from veto 2. Believer in Laissez faire DD. Battle for a Lower Tariff 1. What to do w/ surplus 2. Reduce pork 2. Lower tariff EE. Harrison in 1888 1. Benjamin Harrison 2. indus = Billion $ cong VOCABULARY Laissez-faire Jim Fisk/Jay Gould Tweed Ring Credit Mobilier Whiskey Ring Horace Greeley Resumption Act Bland-Allison Act “Half-breeds” James G. Blaine Civil Service Reform Plessy v. Ferguson Chinese Exclusionary Act Kearneyite Pendleton Act Civil Service Mulligan letters Mugwumps Pension Bureau Sharecropping

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War Ch 16: Conquering a Continent   A. The Indian Barrier to the West 1. 1880's-90's = US/Indian conflict 1. Gov policy 2. Reservations 1. Settlers 2. Disregarded treaties 2. Provoc war 1. 1868 - 1890 = constant warfare B. Receding Native Population 1. Ind war = savage 2. Chivington massacre – 1864 1. Sioux Wars 1. Nez Perce -1877 1. Apaches – Geronimo 1. Ind lost by guns and 2. Railroad 2. Buffalo 2. Settlers 2. Disease 2. Alcohol C. Bellowing Herds of Bison 1. The Buffalo 2. vast herds 1870's 2. easier to kill food D. The End of the Trail 1. 1880's - exterm on reserv 2. Helen Hunt – 1881 1. Reformers – Americanize 2. Good inten but cruel 2. Dawes Severality Act E. Mining 1. Ind remov = boon for mining 1. Boon towns around mines 2. Rough places 2. Ghost towns F. Beef bonanzas 1. Long-horn cattle 2. New ‘beef barons’ 1. Long Drive VOCABULARY Populists Sand Creek “Buffalo Bill” Cody A Century of Dishonor “Ghost Dance” Wounded Knee Dawes Severalty Act Comstock Lode Chisholm Trail Homestead Act Safety-valve theory The Grange James B. Weaver Farmers’ Alliances Bimetallism Pension Act of 1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War G. Free Land for Free Families 1. Homestead Act of 1862 2. Encour westward sett 2. Depart from prev policy   H. Taming Western Deserts 1. RR needed settlers in West 2. Homestead fraud hurt 2. RR recruited in Euro 1. Once land broken 2. Subsoil rich 2. Dry farming 1. Farming aided by barbed wire 2. Joseph F. Glidden – 1883 I. The Far West Comes of Age 1. 1870-80's = pop explos 2. Army vets/ Immig 2. RR/ Homestead 1. New states and cities 1. Ind Terr to sett - Oklah – 1889 1. 1890 - census - frontier gone J. The Folding Frontier - effects 1. West = part of Amer ident 2. “Safety valve” theory 2. Defined char K. The Farm Becomes a Factory 1. Role of farmers changing 2. Self-suffic to business 1. New levels of produc 2. New “combine” 2. Machines expensive 2. Drove farmers to cities L. Deflation Dooms the Debtor 1. Financial troubles - 1880's 2. Depend on one crop 2. Falling prices M. Unhappy Husbandmen 1. Nature’s curses 2. Gov abuse 2. Corpor abuse 2. Farmers disorg – polit VOCABULARY Populists Sand Creek “Buffalo Bill” Cody A Century of Dishonor “Ghost Dance” Wounded Knee Dawes Severalty Act Comstock Lode Chisholm Trail Homestead Act Safety-valve theory The Grange James B. Weaver Farmers’ Alliances Bimetallism Pension Act of 1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War N. Farmers Take their Stand 1. Agrarian Unrest 2. 1867 - Grange 1. Collective efforts 2. Coops 2. Political efforts O. Passionate Populist Crusade 1. Farmers’ Alliance - 1880's 2. Manuf of pop discont 1. Populist = People’s Party Ch 17: Industrial Revolution   The Iron Horse 1. Growth – RR 1865-1900 2. 35,000 mi - 200,000 1. Gov subsidized RR indus. 2. Unprofitable in un-pop area 2. Post offices, milit, low fares 1. Land grants 2. Alternating blocs B. Spanning the Continent 1. Gov spons 2 RR 2. Bonus for extra miles 2. Immig = labor 1. “Wedding of the rails” 2. Ogden, Utah – 1869 C. Binding the Country w/ RR 1. Trans completed 2. New RR magnates 2. Over-speculation D. Railroad Consolidation 1. Eastern RR magnates bail out 2. Cornelius Vanderbilt 2. Consolid/monop E. Revolution by Railways 1. Greatest accomp = unite nation 2. Time zones 2. Pushes indus 2. Immig 2. Spin-offs VOCABULARY National Labor Union Knights of Labor Haymarket Square American Federation of Labor Closed shop Socialist Yellow dog contract Stock watering Wabash Case Interstate Commerce Thomas Edison Andrew Carnegie Vertical Integration J.P. Morgan Interlocking Directorates Gospel of Wealth Sherman Anti-trust

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War F. Wrongdoing in Railroading 1. Corruption 1. Techniques 2. Stock watering/bribes 1. RR competed mercilously 2. Long v. short hauls 1. To save selves, joined 2. Monopolies/collusion 2. Rebates G. Gov Bridles the Iron Horse 1. RR plutocracy 2. Farmers + bus extorted 1. Depression - 1870's 2. RR hurt farmers most 1. Call for gov help 2. Slow 2. Laissez-faire 1. Grange becomes pop 2. Populist Party 2. Elected state legis 1. 1886 - Wabash case 1. Interstate Commerce Act 1887 2. ICC ended rate wars H. Miracles of Mechanization 1. Shipping spurred indus 2. 1860 4th largest indus 2. Inves + resource exploi 2. Immig 1. Inventiveness soared 2. New tech 2. Cash registers 2. Telephones   I. The Trust Titan Emerges 1. Small bus hurt 2. Monop 1. 14th amend J. The Supremacy of Steel 1. 1880-90's = “Steel is king” 2. 1850 - Bessemer Process 2. Abund of coal 2. Markets K. Sultans of Steel 1. Carnegie Steel 1. J.P. Morgan VOCABULARY National Labor Union Knights of Labor Haymarket Square American Federation of Labor Closed shop Socialist Yellow dog contract Stock watering Wabash Case Interstate Commerce Thomas Edison Andrew Carnegie Vertical Integration J.P. Morgan Interlocking Directorates Gospel of Wealth Sherman Anti-trust

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War L. An American Beauty 1. John D. Rockefeller 2. 1870 created Standard Oil   M. The Gospel of Wealth 1. Plutocrats 2. Heaven + natural selection N. Government Tackles the Trust 1. 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust O. South in an Age of Industry 1. No Indus Rev in S 1. Henry W. Grady – New S 1. Obstacles 2. Rate of N RR 2. S blocked by trusts 1. N investors exploit S P. Impact of Industrial Rev 1. Indus increases wealth 2. Higher Stan of Living 2. Role of women change 2. International trade Q. In Unions There is Strength 1. Real loser = workers 2. Loss of identity 2. Too many 2. Little polit clout 2. No courts help 1. Little public support 2. High wages 2. Strikes desensitized 2. Socialism = anti-Amer R. Labor Limps Along 1. Civ War gave boost to unions 2. Death = labor valu 2. Higher costs of living = union necess 1. National Labor Union – 1866 2. Soc reform 2. Won 8hr workday 1. Knights of Labor – 1869 2. Secret society 2. Skilled/non-skill 2. Terrence V. Powerderly 2. Assoc w/ anarachy VOCABULARY National Labor Union Knights of Labor Haymarket Square American Federation of Labor Closed shop Socialist Yellow dog contract Stock watering Wabash Case Interstate Commerce Thomas Edison Andrew Carnegie Vertical Integration J.P. Morgan Interlocking Directorates Gospel of Wealth Sherman Anti-trust

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War S. Unhorsing the Knights 1. Haymarket Square Riot   T. The AF of L to the Fore 1. AFL - 1886 2. Samuel Gompers 2. Federation 2. Opposed socialism 2. Did not rep all workers 1. Riots continued 2. 1880-1900= 23,000 strikes 2. Pub attitude turning 2. Labor Day 1894 - holiday Chapters 18/19: Urbanization A. The Urban Frontier 1. 1870-1900 – massive immig 1. Cities grew up and out 2. Steel and elevators 2. Suburbs 1. Attraction of cities 2. Jobs and exciting 1. Problems B. New Immigration 1. Rush 2. 2 mil/dec - 1850-1880 2. Post- 1880 (New Immig) C. Southern Europe Uprooted 1. Why so many immig 2. Pop growth in Euro 2. Indus replaced agri 2. Amer dream 2. Amer need labor 2. Persec in Euro D. Reactions to the New Immig 1. Gov did little to assim 2. States dom by rural legis 2. Bosses help immig 1. Soc conscience awakens 2. Social Christian mov 1. Jane Addams 1860-1935 2. 1889 - Hull House – Chic 1. Wald, Kelley 2. New poss for women VOCABULARY Yellow Journalist Hearst Looking Backward Horatio Alger Fundamentalism New Morality Carrie Chapman Catt Louis Sullivan Temperance 18th Amendment Anti-Saloon League Rauschenbusch Social Gospel” Christian socialists” Jane Addams Dwight Moody Darwinism Ingersoll Chautauqua Dr. W.E.B. Dubois NAACP Hatch Act 1887

1. Describe this street. (Answer: a crowd of people stops to watch the street be photographed; crowd of people are of mixed ethnicities; many appear to be immigrants of southeastern European descent; many children; food for sale from push carts; laundry hanging from the buildings; street is very crowded with a lot of activity.) 2. What does this photograph of Mulberry Street symbolize? (Answer: streets just like this one existed throughout the northeastern United States and in growing mid-western cities such as Chicago; large numbers of immigrants were attracted to these cities because they had friends and families already settled in neighborhoods much like the one we see here.)

APUSH UNIT 05; Ch 15-19: Post Civil War E. Narrowing the Welcome Mat 1. Nativism 2. Job comp 2. Electoral weight 1. New polit and soc nativist org 2. Amer Prot Assoc (APA) 2. Anti foreigners/unions 2. Anti-immig laws – 1882 2. 1917- literacy test 2. 1882 - barred chinese F. Churches Confront Challenge 1. Chall for church 2. Loss of membership in city 1. Churches = vehicles for indus? 2. Gospel of Wealth 1. 1880's = materialistic 2. money = God’s love 1. Urban revivalism 2. Dwight Lyman Moody 2. Salvation Army 1879 2. Christian Scientists 1879 G. Darwin Disrupts the Churches 1. Origin of Species - Darwin 1859 2. Natural selection 2. Disrupts relig 2. Social Darwinism H. The Lust for Learning 1. Elementary Ed 2. By 1870 - compuls elem 1. High Schools 2. 1880-90's - more supp 1. Teacher (Normal) schools 1. Kindergarten 2. Push by Imm 2. Push to paroch sch 1. Adult ed 2. millions of illit 2. 1874 - Chautauqua Move   VOCABULARY Yellow Journalist Hearst Looking Backward Horatio Alger Fundamentalism New Morality Carrie Chapman Catt Louis Sullivan Temperance 18th Amendment Anti-Saloon League Rauschenbusch Social Gospel” Christian socialists” Jane Addams Dwight Moody Darwinism Ingersoll Chautauqua Dr. W.E.B. Dubois NAACP Hatch Act 1887

1. Describe this cartoon. (Answer: two men hammering a Republican Plank and Democratic Plank together, squeezing a non-white man in the middle; visible plank reads “Anti-Chinese.”) 2. Who are these two men? (Answer: Students might speculate that these two men are representative of their political parties; Republican James Garfield and Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock.) 3. What does this illustration tell us about 19th-century America? (Answer: both political parties supported excluding Chinese from the country; important in 19th century as immigration was on the rise.)

APUSH UNIT 05: Post Civil War I. Education for Black People 1. Rural S - behind in ed 1. Booker T. Washington 2. No soc equal w/o ed 1. George Washington Carver 2. Agri-chemist 1. W.E.B. Dubois 2. Racial, soc, and eco equal 2. Founded NAACP – 1910   J. The Hallowed Halls of Ivy 1. More women in college 1. Morrill Act - 1862 2. Land grants for schools 1. Hatch Act 1887 2. Fed money for agri exper 1. Philanthropy 2. Industrialists gave K. The March of the Mind 1. New tech curric 1. New Medical school 2. Improv in pub health 1. Henry James 1842-1910 L. The Appeal of the Press 1. Popularity of books - 1880's 1. Growth of publ libraries 2. Library of Congress 1897 2. Carnegie - $60 mil for lib 1. Growth of newspapers 2. New readers 2. Advertisement 2. Sensationalism M. Apostles of Reform 1. Magazines 2. Atlan Monthly, Scribner’s 2. Liberal, intell 1. Reform Writers 2. Henry George 2. Edward Bellamy N. New Morality 1. People challenged morality 2. Victoria Woodhull – 1871 1. Others reacted 2. Anthony Comstock VOCABULARY Yellow Journalist Hearst Looking Backward Horatio Alger Fundamentalism New Morality Carrie Chapman Catt Louis Sullivan Temperance 18th Amendment Anti-Saloon League Rauschenbusch Social Gospel” Christian socialists” Jane Addams Dwight Moody Darwinism Ingersoll Chautauqua Dr. W.E.B. Dubois NAACP Hatch Act 1887

APUSH UNIT 05: Post Civil War  O. Families and Women 1. City = hard on family 2. Children 2. Lower birth rates 2. Decl of family 1. Women 2. More indep 2. Charlotte P. Gilman 2. Suffrage P. Prohibition of alcohol 1. Alcohol 2. Temperance movement 1. National Prohibition Party 1. Woman’s Christian Temp Union 1. Anti-saloon League – 1893 2. Statewide prohibitions 1. Other social org 2. American Red Cross – 81 Q. Artistic Triumphs 1. Art in US lagged behind Euro 2. W/ indus, wealth 1. Amer painters 1. Music 2. New opera houses 2. Phonograph – Edison 1. Architecture 2. Louis Sullivan 2. Henry Richardson R. Amusement 1. Wealth = more entertainment 2. Lodges 2. Vaudeville 2. Circus 2. “Buffalo Bill” Cody 2. Baseball/ basketball 2. Croquet/ bicycling VOCABULARY Yellow Journalist Hearst Looking Backward Horatio Alger Fundamentalism New Morality Carrie Chapman Catt Louis Sullivan Temperance 18th Amendment Anti-Saloon League Rauschenbusch Social Gospel” Christian socialists” Jane Addams Dwight Moody Darwinism Ingersoll Chautauqua Dr. W.E.B. Dubois NAACP Hatch Act 1887

1. What is the central action of this illustration? (Answer: a female Salvation Army worker attempts to hand out the publication War Cry; she desires to spread a religious message to those who might not otherwise be going to church but need “salvation.”) 2. What message is being conveyed here? (Answer: as Protestants in the Salvation Army sought to spread their message, working-class people often rejected their call for religious or spiritual salvation.)

1. Examine these student football players 1. Examine these student football players. What do you notice about their physical appearance and dress? (Answer: all whose faces are visible appear to be of Native American heritage; all have hair cut in Euro-American styles; wearing similar clothing and shoes; no helmets or padding as modern-day football players would wear.) 2. From the perspective of white Americans, what was the benefit of educating Native American young people at schools like Chilocco? (Answer: took young, impressionable native children off of reservations and away from the influence of their tribal elders; provided opportunities for white people to acculturate the students to white, European traditions and customs (including dress and hairstyle); argued that while providing education they were also helping then to assimilate into white culture.)