Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

May 3, 2015 Engage ATP Gun Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphates

May 3, 2015

Explore: Cellular Respiration Simulation To review the "big picture" of metabolism, aiding students in understanding the relationship among glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the ETC. See the diagram for the simulation layout.

May 3, 2015 Explore: Muscle Fatigue You will be using a procedure to experience and explore lactic acid buildup in muscles.

May 3, 2015 Explain: Where do our cells get energy? 6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cell What type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars? Carbohydrates Cells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP “energy”

May 3, 2015 Overall Chemical Process C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + usable energy (ATP)

May 3, 2015 Cellular Respiration (3-stages) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid

May 3, 2015

Flowchart Section 9-2 Glucose (C 6 H ) + Oxygen (0 2 ) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 O) + ATP Cellular Respiration

May 3, 2015

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 2 Pyruvic acid

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section Pyruvic acid

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section Pyruvic acid

May 3, 2015 Where  Cytoplasm NO O 2 required Energy Yield  net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP 6-C glucose  TWO 3-C pyruvates Free e - and H + combine with organic ion carriers called NAD +  NADH + H + (nicotinamide dinucleotide)

May 3, 2015 Summary In Glucose (6-C) 2 ATP Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C) 2NADH a net of 2 ATP

May 3, 2015 Questions Where does glycolysis take place? Glycolysis energy yield? Breaks glucose into TWO ________.

May 3, 2015

Citric Acid Production The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Mitochondrion

Citric Acid Production Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Mitochondrion

May 3, 2015 Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid Where  mitochondria Pyruvate (3-C)  Acetic acid (2-C) 3rd C forms CO 2 Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA

May 3, 2015 Summary In Pyruvate NAD CoA Out CO 2 (as waste) NADH Acetyl-CoA

May 3, 2015 What is releasing Energy with O 2 ? Aerobic respiration Where  In mitochondria

May 3, 2015 Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Where  Mitochondrial matrix Energy Yield  2 ATP and more e - Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO 2 molecule NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e - FAD becomes FADH 2 NAD + becomes NADH + H + Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule

May 3, 2015 Krebs Cycle

Citric Acid Production The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Mitochondrion

Citric Acid Production Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Mitochondrion

May 3, 2015 ETC Where  inner membrane of mitochondria Energy Yield  Total of 32 ATP O 2 combines with TWO H + to form H 2 O Exhale - CO 2, H 2 O comes from cellular respiration

Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement ATP Production ATP synthase Channel Inner Membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Mitochondrion

Summary Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion

May 3, 2015 Total ENERGY Yield Glycolysis  2 ATP Krebs Cycle  2 ATP ETC  32 ATP Total  36 ATP

May 3, 2015 Elaboration Respiration Lab Three experiments that review and further explain the process of cellular respiration

May 3, 2015 What happens if NO O 2 ? Cellular respiration process STOPS

May 3, 2015 Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen Simple fast produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP) Aerobic requires oxygen Yields large amounts of energy What is this energy molecule? ATP, ATP, ATP

May 3, 2015

Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen Anaerobic Respiration NO Additional ATP is Formed NO O 2 leads to Fermentation Two Types Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation

May 3, 2015 Lactic Acid Fermentation bacteria, plants and most animals After glycolysis  2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise

May 3, 2015

Alcoholic Fermentation Bacteria and fungi (yeast) Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages Also used to raise dough, bread

May 3, 2015

Cellular Respiration Review Three Main Stages Glycolysis (2 ATP) Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP) Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 2 Pyruvic acid

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section Pyruvic acid

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section Pyruvic acid

Citric Acid Production The Krebs Cycle: Step 2 Section 9-2 Mitochondrion

Citric Acid Production Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Mitochondrion

Electron Transport Chain: Step 3 Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement ATP Production ATP synthase Channel Inner Membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Mitochondrion

May 3, 2015 Evaluation Cellular Respiration Concept Map