Table of Contents 2 Chapter 2 Motion.

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Presentation transcript:

Table of Contents 2 Chapter 2 Motion

Motion 2.1 Speed is the distance an object travels per unit of time. Describing Motion 2.1 Motion Speed is the distance an object travels per unit of time. Any change over time is called a rate.

Describing Motion 2.1 Calculating Speed

Describing Motion 2.1 Calculating Speed

Describing Motion 2.1 Changing Speed

Describing Motion 2.1 Average Speed Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time of travel. If the total distance traveled was 5 km and the total time was 1/4 h, or 0.25 h. The average speed was:

Describing Motion 2.1 Instantaneous Speed The speed shown on a speedometer is the instantaneous speed. Instantaneous speed is the speed at a given point in time.

Describing Motion 2.1 Graphing Motion The motion of an object over a period of time can be shown on a distance-time graph.

Describing Motion 2.1 Velocity Velocity includes the speed of an object and the direction of its motion. The speed of this car might be constant, but its velocity is not constant because the direction of motion is always changing.

Acceleration, Speed and Velocity 2.2 Acceleration, Speed and Velocity Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. A change in velocity can be either a change in how fast something is moving, or a change in the direction it is moving.

Acceleration 2.2 Changing Direction The speed of the horses in this carousel is constant, but the horses are accelerating because their direction is changing constantly.

Calculating Acceleration 2.2 Calculating Acceleration

Calculating Positive Acceleration 2.2 Calculating Positive Acceleration Suppose a jet airliner starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of 80 m/s in 20 s.

Calculating Positive Acceleration 2.2 Calculating Positive Acceleration The airliner is speeding up, so the final speed is greater than the initial speed and the acceleration is positive.

Negative Acceleration 2.2 Negative Acceleration The acceleration always will be positive if an object is speeding up and negative if the object is slowing down.