Atlantic Zone Aquatic Invasive Species Monitoring Program Thomas Landry, Andrea Locke, Neil McNair and Art Smith Aquatic Health Division Fisheries and.

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Presentation transcript:

Atlantic Zone Aquatic Invasive Species Monitoring Program Thomas Landry, Andrea Locke, Neil McNair and Art Smith Aquatic Health Division Fisheries and Oceans Canada Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton NB Oceans and Science Branch

Gulf of St. Lawrence (southern) JF Mallet Orb View-2 ( )

“alien invasions are a major cause of declining biodiversity in Canada, second only to habitat loss” Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development (2002)

Introduction Number of AIS in the sGSL are increasing –26+ since mid 1800’s 10 in the last decade Transportation vectors (pathways) –ships (hull, ballast water) commercial recreational –cargo (live seafood shipment) fishery (fish & shellfish pound, seaweeds/packaging) aquaculture leisure (aquarium), live bait –ocean currents larvae floating debris Economical vs. Ecological impacts –shellfish aquaculture industry Source: Locke, A. and Hanson, M. (in prep.)

Green Crab (Carcinus maenas) Origin –North and Baltic seas (Europe) sGSL (1st report) –1995 (St. Georges Bay, NS) Economy –Voracious predator (100+ species) mollusks and crustaceans Ecosystem –Displacement of native species aggressive behaviour –Ecological impact Zostera marina (eelgrass) Maine & Bay of Fundy(1950’s) NY (mid 1800’s)

Seaweed (Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides) (Oyster Thief, Green Sea Fingers, Dead Man’s Fingers) Origin –N-W Pacific (Japan) sGSL (1st report) –1996 (Caribou Harbour, NS) Economy –Bio-fouling, transport (hull) –Decrease in valuable seaweeds Irish moss and dulse Ecosystem –Displacement of native species –Ecological impact sea urchins - kelp habitat dynamics Maine (1960) NY (1957) Mahone Bay (1991)

Clubbed tunicate (Styela clava) Origin –W Pacific (Korea) sGSL (1st report) –1998 (Brudenell River, PEI) Economy –Bio-fouling, transport (hull) –Filter feeder (competition for food and space) mussel farming Ecosystem –Displacement of native species –Ecological impact

Ciona intestinalisBotryllus schlosseri Botrylloides violaceus New tunicate species Sea vase tunicateGolden star tunicate Violet (orange or red) sheath tunicate Origin –N Atlantic (Europe) sGSL (1st report) –2004 (Montague River, PEI) Origin –N-W Pacific (Japan) sGSL (1st report) –2004 (Savage Harbour, PEI) Origin –Europe sGSL (1st report) –2001 (St. Peters Bay, PEI)

AIS distribution in PEI - Styela clava

AIS distribution in PEI - Ciona intestinalis

AIS distribution in PEI - Botryllus schlosseri

AIS distribution in PEI - Botrylloides violaceus

Impacts (Clubbed tunicate)

Impacts (Vase tunicate)

PEI DAFA Impacts (Colonial tunicates)

AIS Monitoring Proposal AIS Monitoring

AIS Monitoring Proposal LEVEL 1 Low Frequency Wide Geographical Direct – Non-targeted Ex: navigational buoys LEVEL 2 High Frequency Low Geographical Direct - Targeted Collector Plats LEVEL 3 High Frequency Local Indirect - Targeted Stewardship

AIS Monitoring Proposal: Level 1 Objectives Early detection Progression of spread Identify vectors

AIS Monitoring Proposal: Level 2 Objectives Early detection Vectors Effect of mitigation Evolution of spread

AIS Monitoring Proposal: Level 2

AIS Monitoring Proposal: Level 3 COORDINATION Who do you call? Data gathering Education Communication CLEARING HOUSE Identification Specimen collection Validation Training Objectives Early detection Frequent observation Education Buy-in

AIS Monitoring Proposal: Level 3 Public involvement invaderr.glc.dfo-mpo.gc.ca

AIS Monitoring Proposal: Level 3 Public involvement

AIS Monitoring Proposal: Level 3 Public involvement Community Aquatic Monitoring Program

AIS Monitoring Proposal: Level 3 Industry involvement

–Management Coordination of efforts to control invasive tunicates –Monitoring Monitoring of the distribution of invasive tunicates in PEI Monitoring for new tunicate invasions at high-risk sites Investigation on vectors Investigation on environmental interactions (climate change) –Reproduction and recruitment Effect of temperature and salinity on the spawning behaviour of colonial tunicates Effect of the epifauna on the settlement of tunicates Effect of anthropogenic factors on the settlement of tunicates Effect of temperature and salinity on the survival of colonial tunicate larvae –Competition (mussel – tunicate) Effect of invasive tunicates on mussel farm productivity –Control methods Epidemiologic study (fish plant effluents,...) Effect of various chemicals (e.g. lime, vinegar) on the violet and golden star tunicates Effect of husbandry (seeding density) on the settlement of tunicates Documentation of treatment trials conducted by the industry Research and Development