Creating The Constitution 1776 - 1790 Governing A New Nation Chapter 7 Section 1 Pages 204 - 209

“Americans sought to create a republic in which the states had more power than the central government.” - Background Knowledge (P. 204) What is a “republic”? THOUGHT: Americans did not want to give up state powers for a strong central (Federal) government.

Government By The States 1776 – 1777 Most states created their own constitutions to establish the boundaries for their government so as not to allow them to gain too much power. CONSTITUTION A document that stated the rules under which a government could operate.

State Constitution Executive Governor Legislative Congress Judicial Court System

No Cruel/Unusual Punishment Bill OF Rights Virginia was the first state to add a Bill of Rights to their state Constitutions, but many others soon followed. Freedom of Press Right To Trial By Jury Freedom of Religion No Cruel/Unusual Punishment

Articles of Confederation Powers of Central Government Could make laws Could declare war Could make/borrow money Could operate a postal system Could deal with Indians/Foreign Countries outside of 13 states Limitations of Central Government States had more power than central government Could NOT control trade Could NOT collect taxes Could NOT enforce laws Only one Branch (Legislative) Weak Central Government State Constitutions

Articles of Confederation All 13 states had to approve (ratify) the Articles of Confederation before it became official. Maryland refused to approve them until all states gave up their land claims west of the Appalachian Mountains. (See page 207 Map) Virginia was the last state to give up their land claims in 1781 and only then did Maryland give their approval to the Articles. While Congress adopted the Articles in 1777, they were not ratified until 1781. Ratification of the Articles of Confederation

Why was it important for the central (federal) government to receive the land claims from the 13 states?

Land Ordinance of 1785 6 Miles 6 Miles The Land Ordinance of 1785 created a “Grid System” by which new lands would be organized into townships. ie. Pike Township / German Township 6 Miles 6 Miles

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Three Step Process For Becoming A State: 1. Congress appointed a governor, secretary, and 3 judges to each new territory. 2. Upon gaining 5,000 free adult male settlers, it could elect a legislature. 3. It needed 60,000 free adults to be considered for statehood. Five States would be carved out of the Northwest Territory: Ohio Michigan Indiana Wisconsin Illinois The NW Ordinance of 1787 established the method for new lands to become an official state in the United States.

Economy Foreign Affairs Daniel Shay’s Rebellion Growing Problems

Creating The Constitution 1776 - 1790 The Constitutional Convention Chapter 7 Section 2 Pages 212 - 217

Constitutional Convention of 1787 WHO: 55 delegates from 12 states WHAT: Constitutional Convention WHEN: Summer of 1787 WHERE: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania WHY: Revise Articles of Confederation/ Create New Constitution HOW: “The Great Compromise”

55 Total Delegates George Washington Ben Franklin Roger Sherman James Madison George Mason Alexander Hamilton 55 Total Delegates

Virginia Plan Strong Central Government PRESIDENT Congress James Madison Executive – Carry Out The Laws PRESIDENT Strong Central Government Legislative – Make The Laws Judicial – Interpret The Laws Upper House Lower House Congress Based Upon Population

New Jersey Plan Strong Central Government PRESIDENT Congress William Paterson Executive – Carry Out The Laws PRESIDENT Strong Central Government Legislative – Make The Laws Judicial – Interpret The Laws Congress One House Each State = Votes Expanded the powers of congress to raise money and control trade.

The Great Compromise July 16, 1787 Strong Central Government PRESIDENT Executive – Carry Out The Laws PRESIDENT Strong Central Government Roger Sherman Legislative – Make The Laws Judicial – Interpret The Laws House of Representatives Based Upon Population Congress Senate Each State Gets 2 Senators

S L A V E R Y COMPROMISE North Wanted South Wanted Slaves not to be counted toward the population of the south. To eliminate the buying and selling of slaves anywhere in the U.S. Slaves to count as people toward the population of the south. To have freedom to buy and sell slaves anywhere in the U.S. COMPROMISE Slaves would count as 3/5 of a person toward the population count. Slaves could be imported for 20 more years (until 1808) and then the U.S. could eliminate the importation of slaves.

Articles of Confederation U.S. Constitution The Articles were a pact between separate states. U.S. Constitution The Constitution was created to form “a more perfect union” and got its power from the people of the U.S.

Creating The Constitution 1776 - 1790 Debating The Constitution Chapter 7 Section 3 Pages 218 - 221