1. Chapter 7: Creating The Constitution
How did the United States Constitution overcome the weaknesses of the Articles of confederation and provide for the organization of the new government?

2. Section 1: Governing A New Nation
What were the major success and failures of the government under the Articles of Confederation?

3. Government By the States
Eleven of 13 States write constitutions
Constitution is a document stating the rules under which a government will operate
New State Constitutions limited the powers of the governor
Most power went to the State legislatures elected by the people

4. Governor’s Powers Governor’s of NYS Appointed Key state officials
George Clinton
Governor’s Powers
Governor’s of NYS
Appointed Key state officials
Served as the State’s executive

5. Articles of Confederation
POWER RESERVED FOR THE STATES!!
1 Branch- Congress
Makes laws
1 vote per state
Deal with foreign and Native American nations
Borrow money from foreign powers
Coin money
Set taxes
Declare war or peace

6. Problems Under The Articles of Confederation
Congress COULD NOT…
Regulate trade
Force states to pay taxes
Control/regulate interstate trade (commerce)
LIMITED FEDERAL POWER

7. Western Lands The United States extended to the Mississippi River
Congress wanted to settle the lands in the Ohio River Valley
Congress needed laws to settle the land

8. Land Ordinance of 1785 Surveyors divided the land into townships
6 miles on each side
Each of the 36 sections would sell for not less than $1.00 and acre
Within each township 1 acre was set aside for schools
The nation’s leaders believed that democracy depended on EDUCATION

9. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
3 Step Process for this area to be divided into states
First, Congress would appoint a governor, secretary, and 3 judges
Second, when 5,000 free adult males had settled the area they could elect a legislature
Third, once there were 60,000 free settlers they could apply for statehood

10. States that Developed From the Northwest Territory
Wisconsin
Michigan
Illinois
Indiana
Ohio

11. Growing Problems Economic problems led to Shay’s Rebellion
Foreign Affairs were week
Many nations felt that the US was week because Britain still occupied the Northwest Territory

12. Shay’s Rebellion Daniel Shays 1786
Economic depression hits and farmers in MA cannot pay taxes and money owed on farms
MA legislature decides to take the land from the farmers
Shays and about 1,000 to 2,000 farmers rebel
Rebellion does not last, but proves that the Federal Government is too week under the Articles of Confederation

13. Section 2: The Constitutional Convention
What role did compromise play in the creation of the United States Constitution?
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14. The Constitutional Convention
Meets in Philadelphia, PA
Summer 1787
Members do NOT have the authority to “form some new system of government”
Congress was called to just REVISE the Articles of Confederation
Delegates realize this is not enough

15. Virginia Plan Edmund Randolph and James Madison, VA
Plan promotes idea of STRONG Central Govt.
3 branches- Executive, Judicial, and Legislative
Legislative branch – 2 Houses Lower House and Upper house
Representation in those branches based on States’ Population
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16. New Jersey Plan William Paterson, NJ
3 Banches of Govt. Executive, Judicial, and Legislative
Only 1 House within the Legislature and only 1 Vote Per State No matter the size
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17. The Great Compromise Roger Sherman, CT
                                                                                
                                                                                
The Great Compromise
Roger Sherman, CT
3 Branches of Govt.- Executive, Judicial, and Legislative
2 Houses for the legislative and Upper and Lower House
The Lower House- House of Representatives based on Population
The Upper house – 2 Representatives per state
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18. Question #13
During the Constitutional Convention how did the VA Plan and NJ Plan differ?
The VA Plan called for a two house legislature with more representation for larger states; the NJ Plan called for a one house legislature with equal representation for all states

19. Question #14 Why did NJ and other small states oppose the VA Plan?
The small states felt it would give the large states too much power. They felt the large states would always be able to out vote them because they would have more representation in Congress.

20. Question #15
How did the Great Compromise satisfy large and Small States?
Large States: House of Representatives representation was based on population
Small States: Representation in the Senate was 2 per state

21. 3/5ths Compromise
Now the problem was how was population to be counted??
Should slaves be counted in Southern Population to determine representation in the House of Rep.?
Compromise:
3/5ths So, for every 5 slaves they would count as 3 people toward population count
Ex. 5,000 slaves would count as 3,000 toward population count

22. Question #16
What compromise did the North and South reach on the slave trade issue?
Ships would be allowed to bring slaves in for 20 more years. After 1808 Congress would stop the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. However, Domestic Slave trade would continue

23. Section 3: Debating the Constitution
How did those in favor of the Constitution achieve its ratification?
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24. Federalists John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT!!
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25. Federalists John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
Wanted a STRONG CENTRAL GOVT
Thought the Constitution was fine the way it was
The National Govt. had to be strong and hold powers that it was not granted under the Articles of confederation

26. Federalist Papers John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
Series of 85 newspaper essays
Tried to get people to SUPPORT RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION

27. Anti- Federalists Patrick Henry and George Mason Stronger State Power
Needs a BILL of RIGHTS
Says Constitution weakens the states, needs a Bill of Rights to protect the people from tyranny, would the president be too much like a King Under the Constitution
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28. Bill of Rights 1st 10 Amendments to the Constitution
1st Amendment: Freedom of Speech, Religion Press, Assembly, Petition
2nd Amendment: Right to Bear Arms
3rd Amendment: No Quartering Troops
4th Amendment: No Illegal Search and Seizures
5th Amendment: Right to Due Process
6th Amendment: Right to Trial By Jury
7th Amendment: Civil Trials
8th Amendment: No Excessive Bail
9th Amendment: The Rights of the people are not limited to those listed in the Bill of Rights
10th Amendment: Powers Reserved to the States