Chapter 12 Measuring, Marking, and Laying Out Materials

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Distinguish between measuring, marking, and layout tools. Lay out lines and geometric shapes. Transfer shapes to working material. Maintain measurement and layout tools. Objectives

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Accurate measurement, layout result in high-quality cabinetry Squareness –All corners join at 90  angles Marking, measuring, layout tools Introduction

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pencil Marking knife Scratch awl Avoid ink – Bleeds into wood cells Marking Tools

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Used to make parallel lines Adjustable head with steel pin or cutting wheel Marking Gauge Patrick A. Molzahn

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Adjust head to appropriate width from edge of board to line Place gauge flat on material. Roll gauge toward stock until pin or cutter touches surface Push gauge away from you. Keep head against edge of work Using a Marking Gauge

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Measure lengths or angles US customary system – Feet, inches International System (SI) – Metric measurement Measuring Tools Lufkin Division—The Cooper Group, The L.S. Starrett Co.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Flat, flexible, or folding Centering rule –Units extend in both directions Rigid folding rule –Typically 6′ long Flexible rule or tape measure –Measures straight lengths and curves Rule

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Rules

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Measure outside, inside distances and depths Vernier scale Dial calipers Digital calipers Slide Calipers Patrick A. Molzahn

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Uses –Verify 90° corners –Serves as straightedge –Measure distances, angles Types –Framing and bench square –Try square –Combination square Squares

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Framing Squares – 24 ″ body, 16 ″ tongue – Forms 90  angle Bench Square – Smaller than framing square Face and back contain measurement scales, some have tables Framing and Bench Squares Stanley Tools

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Steel blade, steel or wood handle Most reliable for accuracy Use to set up machinery, check squareness, make layouts Try Square

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Measure distances, depths Lay out 45  and 90  angles Draw parallel lines Locate centers Combination Square The L.S. Starrett Co.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Combination Square (Cont’d)

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Contain information for commonly used measurements Brace measure table –Diagonal measurements show length needed for diagonal pieces Octagon scale –Identifies critical measurements for laying out octagons Tables

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Brace Measure Table

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Octagon Scale

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Customary and metric measurements Square is useful as a rule With measurement marked, square used to draw perpendicular line Scales

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Transfer distances, angles, contours Sliding T-bevel Angle divider Calipers Compass and divider Trammel points Profile gauge Layout Tools

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Lay out and transfer angle Can be used to set angles Sliding T-Bevel

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Two blades move outward at equal rate from body – Move from 0  to 90  Numbers on body, index mark on adjusting nut Angle Divider

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Transfer dimensions Common types are inside, outside, hermaphrodite Firm-joint or bow-spring Used most often for wood turning Calipers

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Calipers (Cont’d)

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Check outside diameters on turnings – Set with rule – Turn material until caliper slips over diameter Outside Caliper The L.S. Starrett Co.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Checks inside diameters – Set with rule – Turn material until caliper just slips in Inside Caliper The L.S. Starrett Co.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. One caliper-like leg, one needle-like point Uses –Locating inside, outside centers by scribing intersecting arcs –Marking parallel line on flat or round stock –Copying a contour (coping) Hermaphrodite Caliper

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Hermaphrodite Caliper (Cont’d)

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Compass has pencil point on one leg Divider has two steel points Uses –Step off distances –Bisect lines, angles, arcs –Construct tangent lines or arcs –Scribe circles, ellipses, arcs –Lay out polygons –Cope contours Compass and Divider

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Compass and Divider (Cont’d) The L.S. Starrett Co.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Using a Compass

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Using a Divider

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Makes large circles – Two steel points clamped on a long piece of wood – One point may be replaced with a pencil – Size limited only by length of wood Trammel Points

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Copies irregular shapes – Press pins against curved surface – Transfer contour to material being cut Profile Gauge The Fine Tool Shops

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Marking points Lines Circles and arcs Polygons Irregular shapes Layout rod Story pole Layout Practices

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Mark with V or arrow Press lightly to avoid scratching or denting wood Use quality rule Have shop measurement standard to check accuracy of tape measures Marking Points

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Use rule or square for lines Use marking gauge, combination square, hermaphrodite caliper for parallel lines Circles and arcs use compass, dividers, trammel points Set layout tool for radius of arc, locate tool point at arc’s center, swing arc Lines, Circles, and Arcs

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Triangles, square, rectangles, hexagons, octagons Use framing square and protractor for layout Polygons

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Polygon Layouts

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Drawing Polygons Using a Compass

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Laying Out an Ellipse Using String

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Patterns show how to lay out shape –Half pattern –Detail pattern –Square grid pattern Irregular Shapes

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Patterns

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Patterns (Cont’d)

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Permanent full size pattern used to guide tool Used when cutting shape multiple times Made of resilient material Templates

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Record of often-used distances Eliminates need to measure repeatedly Marked with important dimensions Surfaced on four sides Layout Rod

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Marks locations of items found in room 1  3 lumber, long as necessary Second pole equal to height of room or tallest cabinet Also marks electrical outlets, doors, windows Story Pole

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Lasers Electronic calipers Digital Measuring Devices Accurate Technologies

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Wipe clean with soft rag Remove rust with steel wool Coat with paste wax Use paste wax to lubricate moving parts Measuring and Layout Tool Maintenance