cockpit doors What are the impact of tourism?

麗江擬征收『古維費』 --- 旅遊和文化遺產保護衝突 What is the impact?

Host-guest relationship Possible forms of contact between hosts and guests make tourism influential to different stakeholders

Forms of contact when tourists buy goods and services when hosts and tourists share a facility when tourists and hosts meet for cultural exchange physical presence of tourists

What ’ s wrong with this?

Tourists ’ code of behaviour Travel in a spirit of humility and with a genuine desire to learn more about the people of the host country.

Tourists ’ code of behaviour Be sensitively aware of the feelings of other people, preventing what might be offensive behaviour on your part. This applies very much to photography.

Tourists ’ code of behaviour Cultivate the habit of listening and observing, rather than merely hearing and seeing.

Tourists ’ code of behaviour Realise that often the people in the country you visit have time concepts and thought patterns different from your own; this does not make them inferior, only different.

Tourists ’ code of behaviour Instead of looking for that “ beach paradise ”, discover the enrichment of seeing a different way of life, through other eyes.

Tourists ’ code of behaviour Acquaint yourself with local customs - people will be happy to help you. Learn the “ magic words ”.

Tourists ’ code of behaviour Remember that you are only one of the thousands of tourists visiting this country and do not expect special privileges. UNDERSTAND  APPRECIATE  PROTECT

What is culture? is learned; not born with culture is shared, collective. includes performing arts or high culture

6 Most attractive elements in Culture for tourists Language Food Traditions History Architecture Religion

Language The learning of and the ability to use a foreign language by a tourist provides a means for developing an interest in another culture.

Traditions Traditions that characterize a destination or a country provide a focal point of interest for tourists who seek to learn about the way of life in the host community.

Food Trying and enjoying the cuisine or food at a destination is one of the main activities tourists engage in when travelling.

History The oral, written, and landscape history of an area reflects its past and serves as a reminder for both locals and tourists of the way of life of the host society in earlier times. Important events which shaped the existing nature of an area and its people also provide insights for tourists about the community.

Religion Religion of particular significance to an area influences the lifestyle and festivals of the host community. It is a source of interest amongst tourists as it provides further insights about the spiritual aspects of the culture of the host community.

Architecture Architectural features provide physical evidence of the cultural attributes of an area. Often a distinctive architectural style is associated with a particular community or country. Architecture also reflects the availability of local building materials, the way the community adapts to climatic conditions, or a particular design style.

cockpit doors Socio-cultural impact What is demonstration effect?

Demonstration effect Local people seek to imitate the visitors ’ behaviour Values, lifestyles while travelling Transferred or adopted by host population Learn from Internet or televisions

Transformation of values demonstration effect  imitate tourists ’ behaviour e.g. eating habits, spending patterns Local cannot afford the tourists ’ behaviour  frustration Pursue democracy and modernization of attitudes amongst the young negative developments of moral behaviour e.g. prostitution, gambling and crime  created locations and environments.

Commercialization Commercialization of art forms and especially handicrafts. Souvenirs  may lose their cultural or religious meaning in mass production

Attention for culture stimulates a renewed attention for old cultural traditions and art forms Insights from other parts of the world the financial stimulus of tourism.

Change on architecture Not build according to local architectural standards high-rise buildings are rare, hotels are often many stories high  complete changes of the local scenery

Impact on population structure population growth in local community  immigration possibility of finding a better paid job. Workers flow in and out of the destination  hard to develop a sense of community

Transformation of forms and types of occupation New employment opportunities draw workers from other sectors of the economy  class Women and young people become less dependent financially  hierarchical strucutres

Congestion using facilities and resources  impact on daily life. rapid pace of development or marked seasonality  a large number of tourists compared with local population

Health problems By moving around the world tourists may spread diseases such as AIDS, H1N1, cholera or malaria. Movement of tourists  may lead to excessive use of facilities such as sewage treatment which may increase health risks

Factors that affect cross- cultural tourist-host contact Opportunities for contact Attitudes to each other Purpose of travel Cultural background

cockpit doors MORE IMPACTS ON TOURISM