1 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. CHAPTER Dogs 7

2 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. History of the Dog Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000 years ago Many dogs descended from the wolf –Ancestor of all dog family: Miacis –Next came Daphaenus and Hesperocyon

3 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. –From Hesperocyon came Temnocyon and Cynodesmus –“Father of modern dogs”: Tomarctus Today, 7 main groups and 155 breeds

4 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Sporting Group Developed to help hunters pursue game Breeds –Pointer –German Shorthaired Pointer –German Wirehaired Pointer –Labrador Retriever –English Setter –Irish Setter –Brittany –English Springer Spaniel –American Cocker Spaniel

5 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Hound Group One type hunts by scent, the other sight Breeds –Afghan Hound –Basset Hound –Beagle –Black and Tan Coonhound –Bloodhound –Dachshund –American Foxhound –Greyhound –Norwegian Elkhound

6 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Terrier Group Two subgroups: (1) Long-legged, large breeds and (2) short-legged, small breeds Used for hunting rodents Breeds –Airedale Terrier –Bedlington Terrier –Border Terrier –Bull Terrier –Dandie Dinmont Terrier –Fox Terrier –Miniature Schnauzer –Skye Terrier –Welsh Terrier

7 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Working Dog Group Developed to labor or work for humans Breeds –Alaskan Malamute –Boxer –Doberman Pinscher –Great Dane –Great Pyrenees –Standard Schnauzer –Rottweiler –Saint Bernard –Samoyed breed –Siberian Husky –Komondor

8 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Herding Dog Group Developed to aid livestock herders with livestock Breeds –Collie –German Shepherd –Old English Sheepdog –Shetland Sheepdog –Welsh Corgi

9 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Toy Dog Group Developed as house pets and companions Breeds –Chihuahua –Italian Greyhound –Manchester Terrier –Pekingnese –Pug –Yorkshire Terrier –Shih Tzu

10 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Non-sporting Dogs Developed as companions Breeds –Boston Terrier –Bulldog –Dalmatian –Lhasa Apso –Poodle

11 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Miscellaneous Class American Kennel Club recognizes five breeds where interest exists May compete in obedience trials, earn obedience titles, and compete in conformation shows but not earn championship points Continued interest may earn entrance to regular class Breeds –Jack Russell Terrier –Tibetan Mastiff –Beauceron –Plott –Redbone Coonhound –Swedish Vallhund

12 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. The Hybrid or “Designer” Breeds Produced by crossing purebred dogs of two different breeds Common hybrids –Schnoodle: Schnauzer and poodle –Goldendoodle: Golden retriever and poodle –Labradoodle: Labrador retriever and standard poodle –Puggle: Female beagle and male pug –Poochin: Poodle and Japanese chin

13 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Basics of Dog Feeding Commercial foods are fast and convenient Special groups need special feeding –Pregnant and lactating females: More food, more frequently –Puppies: Puppy food in amount for breed –Older dogs: Need protein and nutrients Other feeding suggestions –Hard-boil or cook eggs before feeding –Take care with bones

14 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

15 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

16 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Guidelines for Dog Exercise Avoid strenuous exercise for 2 hours after dogs have eaten large meals Have dogs get physical exams Condition dogs for strenuous exercise Be alert to signs of dogs’ fatigue

17 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Methods of Dog Training Basic training –Five basic commands starting as puppy –Rely on voice, avoid hitting or threatening House-training –Praise and scold appropriately –Consider paper training Obedience training –Start with short sessions, work longer –Use proper equipment properly

18 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Basics of Dog Grooming and Care Hair coats: Brush daily, check for mats Bathing: Every 6-8 weeks with dog shampoo Nails: Trim monthly Ears: Clean monthly, no Q-tips Eyes: Use eyewash solution, keep free of irritants, rely on veterinary assistance Teeth: Clean daily if possible

19 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Infectious Dog Diseases Caused by pathogenic microorganisms able to invade and grow in living tissue Examples –Canine distemper Airborne virus Most often in 3-6 months old Early signs vomiting and diarrhea Dog will eventually die Can be prevented by frequent vaccination

20 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Infectious canine hepatitis –Highly contagious virus – canine adenovirus –Virus targets liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs –More common in young dogs –Lethargic, fever, thirsty, moaning –Gums may have yellow tint –Recover or die within 36 hours after initial signs –Can be prevented with frequent vaccinations

21 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Leptospirosis –Bacteria –Zoonotic –Contracted through infected rodent urine –High fever, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea –Treated with antibiotics –Can be prevented with yearly vaccination

22 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Canine parvovirus infection –Virus in infected feces –Vomiting and bloody diarrhea –Deaths occur within 48 to 72 hours of symptoms –More common in unvaccinated puppies –Some breeds more succeptible –Can be prevented with frequent vaccination

23 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Infectious tracheobronchitis – Kennel cough –Bacterial –Highly contagious especially in closed setting – kennel, groomers –Coughing –Treated with antibiotics –Can be prevented with yearly vaccination

24 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Rabies –Virus –Zoonotic –Two types Furious –Unnaturally withdrawn or overly affectionate (lasts 2 days) –Mad stage – attacks anything –wandering –Dumb Paralysis of lower jaw – drooling Paralysis of limbs and eventually vital organs –Will die –Can be prevented with frequent vaccination

25 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Noninfectious Dog Diseases Caused by physical injuries or genetic defects or are noncontagious diseases Examples –Heart disease –Cataracts –Glaucoma –Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) –Cherry eye –Hip dysplasia

26 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Fungal Dog Diseases Ringworm –One of most common fungal diseases –Fungal organisms in dogs and cats, soil, and wild rodents Systemic fungal infections –Blastomycosis –Histoplasmosis –Coccidioidomycosis

27 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Internal Dog Parasites Roundworms Hookworms Whipworms Tapeworms Heartworms

28 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. External Dog Parasites Fleas Ticks Lice Mites Chiggers

29 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Poisonings Insecticides Plants Household chemicals Herbicides Medications Metal poisonings Antifreeze

30 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction Females – first estrus between 6 and 12 months of age During mating dogs “tie” –Male’s penis swells inside female –Dogs will stand rear to rear –DO NOT try to separate dogs when they are in this stage – will cause harm to them Gestation 63 days on average Wean puppies after 6 weeks

31 Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Un-neutered males can get testicular cancer Can be more aggressive Will have a tendency to roam in search of mate Un-neutered females can get breast cancers Pseudopregnancy – female will “act” pregnant but is not Can get pyometra – infected uterus –Must have surgery to spay or dog will die