Timber Research Centre Michael Anderson– Mohamed Farid Pablo Prallong – Lewis Macleod Ross Turbet & Group A 26/04/20054 th Presentation

Presentation Agenda Introduction to Project Introduction to Project Building Description Building Description Demands Demands Demand Side Management Techniques Demand Side Management Techniques ESP-R – Design Changes ESP-R – Design Changes Homer Homer Control Control Supply Supply Conclusion Conclusion

Our Aim Use Demand Side Management to facilitate the embedding renewable energy to a Timber research centre Use Demand Side Management to facilitate the embedding renewable energy to a Timber research centre Apply design changes to match building energy demands with renewable supply. Apply design changes to match building energy demands with renewable supply. Show results through simulation and website. Show results through simulation and website.

Review of the building Timber Research Centre Timber Research Centre Up to 80 occupants Up to 80 occupants Situated in outskirts of Glasgow Situated in outskirts of Glasgow Typical of offices (loads) across Central Scotland (weather) Typical of offices (loads) across Central Scotland (weather)

Building Demands Heating Heating Space heating Space heating Hot water Hot water Electrical Electrical Lighting Lighting Ventilation Ventilation Machinery Machinery Other appliances Other appliances

Calculating Demands Heating DemandsElectrical Demands Esp-r Model

Seasonal Demands Heating demands Heating demands

Seasonal Demands Electrical Demands Electrical Demands

Demand Side Management. Strategies utilised throughout the project. Strategies utilised throughout the project. Peak clipping Peak clipping Valley filling Valley filling Load shifting Load shifting Design changes made in order to implement these strategies. Design changes made in order to implement these strategies. How these changes have affected the demands of our design. How these changes have affected the demands of our design.

Design changes 1. Peak clipping To help lower the demand, we looked to significantly reduce the loads in the building Natural lighting. Natural lighting. Natural heating. Natural heating. Energy reduction in cafeteria. Energy reduction in cafeteria.

Design changes 2. Valley filling The goal is to build up off-peak loads in order to smooth out the load and improve the economic efficiency of the building. Heating slowly turned on in the morning before occupancy Heating slowly turned on in the morning before occupancy Heating during the weekends. Heating during the weekends.

Design changes 3. Load shifting The idea behind load shifting is to move the times of peak energy usage to times where there is a excess of electricity. Stagger times at which occupants enter the building. Stagger times at which occupants enter the building. Change designated break times throughout the day. Change designated break times throughout the day.

Effects of changes. Lower demand peaks in spaces, both in terms of heating and lighting. Lower demand peaks in spaces, both in terms of heating and lighting. Smoothened demand curve Smoothened demand curve Better options and feasibility for supply matching. Better options and feasibility for supply matching.

Design changes

U-Value External wall properties External wall properties Weatherboard: 100mm Weatherboard: 100mm Glasswool: 75 Glasswool: 75 Air Gap: 50 Air Gap: 50 Breezeblock: 100 Breezeblock: 100 Overall U-Value = 0.39W/m 2 K Overall U-Value = 0.39W/m 2 K

External Wall Construction New Wall Properties New Wall Properties Weatherboard: 100mm Weatherboard: 100mm Glasswool: 200 Glasswool: 200 Air Gap: 50 Air Gap: 50 Breezeblock: 100 Breezeblock: 100 Overall U-Value = 0.16W/m 2 K Overall U-Value = 0.16W/m 2 K

Daylight Utilising as much daylight as possible Utilising as much daylight as possible

Daylight Careful to avoid Careful to avoid glare & unwanted heat gains

Heating control Continuous heating… Continuous heating… Pre-Heat 0000 – 0700 (12DegC) Pre-Heat 0000 – 0700 (12DegC) Basic Control (26DegC) Basic Control (26DegC) Pre-Heat 1600 – 0000 (12DegC) Pre-Heat 1600 – 0000 (12DegC)

Seasonal Demands Typical winter Typical winter

Seasonal Demands Typical spring Typical spring

Seasonal Demands Typical summer Typical summer

Automatic Control System Sensors Sensors Computer Network Computer Network Controlling each room separately Controlling each room separately

Flow charts

Lighting Control

Supply Wind Energy 30KW Wind Energy 30KW PV Solar 40KW PV Solar 40KW Generator 50 KW Generator 50 KW Battery x 10 Battery x 10 Nominal Voltage 4V Nominal Voltage 4V Nominal Capacity 7.6 KWh Nominal Capacity 7.6 KWh

Matching Methods

Component Production Fraction (kWh/yr) PV array 63,462 27% PV array 63,462 27% Wind turbine 57,946 25% Wind turbine 57,946 25% Generator 1112,359 48% Generator 1112,359 48% Total 233, % Total 233, %

Annual electric energy consumption Total Electrical Demand 173,310 kWh/yr Total Electrical Demand 173,310 kWh/yr Excess electricity:60,456kWh/yr Excess electricity:60,456kWh/yr

Emissions without Renewable (kg/yr) (kg/yr) Carbon dioxide 260,993 Carbon dioxide 260,993 Carbon monoxide 644 Carbon monoxide 644 Unburned hydrocarbons 71.4 Unburned hydrocarbons 71.4 Particulate matter 48.6 Particulate matter 48.6 Sulfur dioxide 524 Sulfur dioxide 524 Nitrogen oxides 5,748 Nitrogen oxides 5,748

Emissions after embedding Renewables Emissions down by approx 50% (kg/yr) (kg/yr) Carbon dioxide 136,379 Carbon dioxide 136,379 Carbon monoxide 337 Carbon monoxide 337 Unburned hydrocarbons 37.3 Unburned hydrocarbons 37.3 Particulate matter 25.4 Particulate matter 25.4 Sulfur dioxide 274 Sulfur dioxide 274 Nitrogen oxides 3,004 Nitrogen oxides 3,004

Assumptions Wind and Solar Data are estimated for urban areas (lack of information available) Wind and Solar Data are estimated for urban areas (lack of information available) Cost is not taken in consideration Cost is not taken in consideration Demands are assumed to be of a typical office Demands are assumed to be of a typical office

Conclusion Heating demands has been reduced by approx 20% Heating demands has been reduced by approx 20% Electrical demands has been reduced by 10% Electrical demands has been reduced by 10% Embedding Renewable generation reduced emissions by more than 50 % Embedding Renewable generation reduced emissions by more than 50 %

Thank you for your attention Any Questions?

Crit 4 (Final Presentation) Your team should be reporting the outcomes from the year's investigation. These should include a summary of how and where energy savings have been achieved, summary of how and where energy savings have been achieved, an assessment of the improvements to building performance, an assessment of the improvements to building performance, reduction in plant capacity and the reduced environmental impact achieved by adopting the plant and control procedures used. reduction in plant capacity and the reduced environmental impact achieved by adopting the plant and control procedures used.